Anne Sütünde Poliaminler

Anne sütü, tüm yeni doğanlar ve bebekler için ideal besindir. Yapısında, gelişimi sağlayan makro besin bileşenleri ve fonksiyonel bileşikler içerir. Anne sütü bileşenleri, erken doğum ve zamanında doğum yapan annelerde değişiklik gösterir. Hücre büyümesi ve farklılaşmasında rol oynayan poliaminler, endojen olarak sentezlenmelerinin yanı sıra diyet yoluyla alınan besinlerden ve barsak mikrobiyatasından ekzojen olarak da sağlanırlar. Yeni doğanlar için ilk ekzojen poliamin kaynağı olan anne sütünde, spermin ve spermidin konsantrasyonu putresine oranla daha yüksektir. Laktasyon süresince poliamin içerikleri, ilk hafta boyunca artarak 1-2 hafta sonrasında maksimum seviyeye ulaşır, daha sonra düşmeye başlar. Anne sütünde poliamin içeriği, anne sütünün alınma zamanı, emzirme süresi ve annenin diyetle aldığı poliamin miktarına bağlıdır. Yeni doğan ve bebeklik dönemlerinde poliamin alınması immün sisteminin oluşturulması ve barsak gelişiminde önemlidir. Anne sütünün yetmediği ve tamamlayıcı beslenme gereken durumlarda, formula veya inek sütü kullanılır. İnek sütünün poliamin içeriği anne sütündekine oranla daha düşüktür. İdeal formula kompozisyonunda besin bileşenlerinin yanı sıra gerekli büyüme ve gelişmeden sorumlu mikro besin maddeleri de yer alır. Poliaminlerle zenginleştirilmiş formula ile beslenme, bebeklerin immün sistemi gelişimine katkıda bulunabilir. Bu derlemede, anne sütünde bulunan poliaminlerin, fonksiyonları ve bebeğin gelişimi üzerine etkileri ile anne sütü, inek sütü ve formulalarda poliamin içeriklerinin karşılaştırılması amaçlamıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Anne sütü, poliamin, putresin, spermidin, spermin, immün sistemi, barsak gelişimi

Polyamines in Human Breast Milk

Human milk is the ideal food for all newborns and infants. It involves macro nutrients and functional compounds for growth and development. The composition of breast milk differs between preterm and term milk. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. In addition to their de novo polyamine synthesis, cells can take up polyamines from extracellular sources, such as food, and intestinal microbiota. Breast milk is the first source of exogenous polyamines. The level of putrescine is lower than the levels of spermine and spermidine. During lactation, polyamines in breast milk increase in first 1-2 weeks reaching the maximum value and then tend to decrease. The levels of polyamines in breast milk associate with lactation period, sampling time, and mother’s diet. Polyamine intake is important for postnatal maturation of the immune system and small intestine. Cow milk or formulas can be used in case of insufficient breast milk and a requirement for supplemental feeding. Cow milk includes less amount of polyamines than breast milk has. Ideal formula composition involves macro and micro nutrients which take a role in growth and development. The formulas enriched with polyamines might have beneficial effects on the immune system of infants. This review aims to evaluate the functions of polyamines in breast milk, the effects on infant development, and to compare the levels of polyamines in between breast milk, cow milk and formulas

Keywords:

Human milk, polyamine, putrescine, spemidine, spermine, immune system, intestinal maturation,

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