Almanya’daki Türkçe Konuşanların Dil Hakları Konusundaki Tartışmalara Performatif Bir Bakış Açısı Getirmek

Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan nüfusun dil hakları, Türkçe konuşan bireylerin hem Türk kültürüyle olan bağları hem de Almanya toplumundaki konumları hakkındaki tartışmaların merkezinde yer almaktadır. Akademisyenler, dil haklarını, insan hakları ve kültürel haklar bağlamlarında kavramsallaştırarak bu tür tartışmaların anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmuşlardır. Bu kavramsallaştırmalar, yasal eşitsizlikleri açığa vurma ve bu eşitsizliklerin üstesinden gelme çabalarına katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu makalede bu yazından yararlanmakla birlikte tartışmanın odak noktasını Türklerin dil haklarından onların hak arama pratiklerine çevirmeyi teşvik etmekteyim. Bunun için de feminist siyaset bilimci Karen Zivi’nin haklar konusundaki performatif (gerçekleştirici) yaklaşımını Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan nüfusun dil hakları konusundaki tartışmalara dahil ediyorum. Bu performatif bakış açısı, sıklıkla kullanılan uyum, ayrımcılık, insan hakları ve kültürel haklar çerçevelerine bir alternatif sunar. Bu yaklaşım, Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan bireylerin toplumlarındaki yerlerini dil haklarını talep etme yoluyla müzakere ettiklerini ortaya koyar. Aynı zamanda bu makale, hem bu tartışmalardaki odak noktasını Almanya Devleti’nden uzaklaştırıp Türkçe konuşan nüfusa çevirmeyi hem de Almanya’daki Türkçe konuşan bireyleri eylemliliği olan siyasi aktörler, onların hak iddia etme pratiklerini de Almanya toplumunda anlaşılma biçimlerini yeniden şekillendirme girişimleri olarak kurmayı önerir.

Introducing a Performative Perspective to the Debates on the Linguistic Rights of Turkish Speakers in Germany

Turkish speakers’ linguistic rights in Germany have been central to the debates about their ties to Turkishculture as well as their place in the German society. Scholars have contributed to understandings of suchdebates by conceptualizing linguistic rights as human rights and as cultural rights. These conceptualizationshave contributed to efforts in revealing and overcoming legal inequalities. In this article, I build on thisliterature, but I encourage shifting the focus from Turks’ linguistic rights to their rights claiming practices. Forthis, I introduce feminist political scientist Karen Zivi’s performative approach to rights into the discussion onTurkish speakers’ linguistic rights in Germany. This performative perspective provides an alternative to thewidely used frameworks of integration, discrimination, human rights and cultural rights. This approachdemonstrates that Turkish speakers in Germany negotiate their place in their society by claiming their linguisticrights. This article also suggests shifting the focus in these discussions away from the German state and toTurkish speakers themselves as well as establishing Turkish speakers in Germany as political actors withagency and their rights claiming practices as attempts to reshape the way they are understood in the Germansociety.

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