Sublethal Exposure and Toxicity Effect of Propanil on Hematology and Serum Biochemistry in Oreochromis niloticus in a Static Bioassay
Sublethal Exposure and Toxicity Effect of Propanil on Hematology and Serum Biochemistry in Oreochromis niloticus in a Static Bioassay
Herbicide Propanil is a toxicant that can adversely affect the health of fish. The present studywas conducted to ascertain the toxicity effect of Propanil on hematology and serumbiochemistry in Oreochromis niloticus juvenile. Fish specimens were exposed to sub-lethalconcentrations (0.0, 0.22, 0.44 and 0.87 mg/L) of Propanil derived from the 96hour Lethalconcentration for eight weeks. Fish specimens were sampled for hematological and biochemicalanalysis at 2, 6 and 8 week’s duration exposure. Significant changes and dose dependentdecreases in red blood cell, pack cell volume, hemoglobin values were observed in Propanilexposed fish compared to the control. Progressive increase in white blood cell count andleukocyte differentials (neutrophils and lymphocytes) were found in Propanil exposed fishcompared to the control. Significant increases in biochemical parameters (glucose, protein,triglycerides, glutamic oxalo-acetic transminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase) wereobserved in Propanil exposed fish groups compared to the control. However, cholesterol levelsdecreased significantly except for 8th week Propanil duration exposure. Findings of the presentstudy revealed that Propanil adversely affected fish health.
___
- Okayi, R.G., Tachia, M.U., Ataguba, G.M., DiKwahal, S.H., “Toxicity of herbicide propanil on
Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings”, Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8: 233 237,
(2013).
- Nwani, C.D., Ekwueme, H.I., Ejere, V.C., Onyeke, C.I., Chukwuka, C.O., Somdare, P.O.,
Nwadinigwe, A.O., “Physiological effects of paraquat in Juvenile African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell, 1882)”, Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 3(1):35-43. http:// doi.org
10.12980/JCLM.3.2015JCLM-2014-0113, (2015).
- Call, J.D., Brooke, L.T., Kent, R.J., Knuth, M.L., Anderson, C., “Moriarity C.Toxicity,
bioconcentration and metabolism of the herbicide Propanil (3, 4 dichloropropionanilide) in
Freshwater Fish. Archive in Environmental Contamination Toxicology”, 12, 175-182, (1983).
- Haghbin,S., Zareifar, S., Mohammadi, M.H., “ Propanil poisoning and toxin-induced
methaemoglubinemia”, Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 10(1):37-41. (2009).
- Chow, A.Y.K., Murphy, S.D., “Propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide)-induced methemoglobin
formation in relation to its metabolism in vitro”. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology”,
33:14–20, (1975).
- Ambrose, A.M., Larson, P.S., Borzelleca, J.F., Hennigar, G.R.J., “Toxicologic studies on 3′,4′-
dichloropropionanilide”. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacolog,, 23, 650.(1972).
- Chand, N., “ Acute toxicity of 3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide in rats”. Indian Veterinary Journal,
50, 1122, (1973).
- McCorkle, F.M., Chambers, J.E., Yarbrough, J.D., “Acute toxicities of selected herbicides to
fingerling channel catfish ,Ictalurus punctatus”. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination
Toxicology”, 18, 267, (1977).
- Oyibo-Usman, K.A., Oladimeji, A.A., Olayemi, I.K., Omalu, I.C.J., Dangana, M.C., Auta, Y.I.,
Eke, S.S., “Acute toxicity of Propanil to the juvenile of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus)”, International
Journal of Applied Biological Resources, 6 (2): 71-79, (2014).
- Okoh, F., Akpu, A., “Behavioral responses of African Freshwater Fish Clarias gariepinus to
different concentrations of a commercial herbicide Orizoplus (Propanil /2,4-p)”, Journal of
Biology and Agriculture Healthcare, 5(8):59-63, (2015).
- Sancho, E., Fernandez-vega, C., Andrew, E., Ferrando, E., “Effect of propanil on European eel
Anguilla anguilla and post-exposure recovery using selected biomarkers as effect criteria”,
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72: 704-713, (2009).
- Mallum, S.S., Sogbesan, O.A., Haruna, A.B., “Haematological assessment of Oreochromis
niloticus (Linn, 1787) exposed to acute toxicity of the herbicide Propanil”, International Journal
of Research and Life Science, 2(10: 49-56, (2015).
- Omoriegie, E., Ufodike, E.B.C., “Toxicity of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on African mud
fish Clarias gariepinus (Teugals)”, Agriculture Journal, 6 (4): 177-180,(2011).
- Villarroe, M.J., Sancho, E., Ferrando, M.D., Andrey, E., “Acute, chronic and sublethal effects of
the herbicide Propanil on Daphnia magna”, Chemosphere, 53(8):857-864, (2003).
- Ogueji, E.O., Iheanacho, S.C., Nwani, C.D., Mbah, C.E., Okeke, O.C., Ibrahim, B.U., “ Toxicity
of diazepam on lipid peroxidation, biochemical and oxidative stress indicators on liver and gill
tissues of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)”, International Journal of Fisheries
and Aquatic Studies, 5(3): 114-123, (2017).
- Iheanacho, S.C., Ikwo, T.N., Igweze, N., Chukwuidha, C., Ogueji, E.O., Onyeneke, R., “Effect
of different dietary inclusion levels of melon seed (Citrullus lanatus) peel on growth,
haematology and histology of Oroechromis niloticus juvenile”, Turkish Journal of Fisheries and
Aquatic Science, 18(3): 377-384, http:// doi.org 10.4194/1303-2712-v18_3_03, (2018).
- Iheanacho, S.C., Ogbu, M., Ude, E., Ayotunde, I., Ogueji, E., “Growth, Hematology and
Immuno-Modulatory Potential of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Supplemented Diets in Clarias
gariepinus Juvenile (Burchell, 1822)”, Aquaculture Studies, 18, 41-49.
http://doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v18_1_05, (2018).
- Spragne, J.B., “Measurement of pollution toxicity to fish: In: Bioassy methods for acute
toxicity”, Water Resources, 3: 125-127,(1975).
- APHA (American Public Health Association). Standard methods for the examination of water
and waste water 21st, 401 Edn. American Public Health Association, American Water Works
Association and Water Environmental Federation, Washington (DC), (2005)
- Blaxhall, P.C., Daisley, K.W., “Routine haematological methods for use with fish blood.”,
Fish Biology, 5: 771-781, (1973).
- Hesser, E.F., “Method for routine fish haematology prog”, Fish culture, 22: 164-171, (1960).
- Dacie, J.V., Lewis, S.M., “Practical hematology”. 11th edition, New York: Churchill
Livingstone, pp 41, (2011).
- Iheanacho, S., Ogueji, E., Yaji, A., Dada, O., Mbah, C., Ifejimalu, A., Ibrahim, B.U. Effects of
herbal plants (Zingiber officinale and Hibiscus sabdariffa) as dietary additives on serum
biochemistry and some metabolites in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). J. Coast. Life Med.,
5(12): 516-520, https://doi.org/10.12980/jclm.5.2017.167, (2017).
- Moraes, B.S., Loro, V.L., Pretto, A., Fonseca, M.B., Menezes, C., Merchesan, E., Reimche, G.B,
De Anila, L.A., “Toxicological and metabolic parameters of the teleost fish (Leporinus
obtusidens) in response to commercial herbicides containing clomazone and Propanil”, Pesticide
Biochemistry and Physiology, 95 (2):52-62, (2009).
- Tilak, K.S., Veeraiah, K., Butchiram, M.S., “ Effect of phenol on hematological components of
Indian major carps Catla catla, Labeo rohita, and Cirrhinus mirgala”. Journal Environmental
Biology, 28:177–179, (2007).
- Nwani, C.D, Somdare P.O, Ukonze, J.A, Ejere, V.C, Nwadinigwe, A.O, Nwani, J.C, Odo, G.E,
Ugbor, O.N., “Subchronic exposure to fenthion induces haematological changes in liver tissue of
African catfish Clarias gariepinus”, Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 28 (4): 229-234.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1030108997659.2016.1194907, (2016).
- Khalid, A.A., “Acute toxicity and effects of sublethal malathion exposure on biochemical and
hematological parameters of Oreochromis niloticus”. Scientific Research Essays, 7:1674–1680,
(2012).
- Eldibary, M.M., Totonchi, K.F., Joseph, N.J., Rhone, D., “Usefulness of certain red blood cell
indices in diagonising and differentiating Thalassemia trait from Iron-deficiency anaemia”.
American Journal of Clinical Pathology., 111:676-682, (1999).
- Zhang, X Z, Xie P, Wang, WM, Li DP, Shi ZC., “Plasma biochemical responses of the
omnivorous Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) to crude cyanobacterial extracts. Fish Physiology
and Biochemistry, 34:323–329, (2008).
- Li, ZH, Zlabek, V., Velisek, J, Grabic, R, Machova, J, Kolarova, J., “Acute toxicity of
carbamazepine to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on antioxidant
responses, hematological parameters and hepatic EROD”, Ecotoxicology and Environmental
Safet, 74: 319-327, (2011).
- Cole, M.B., Arnold, D.E., Watten, B.J., Krise, W.F., “Hematological and physiological
responses of brook charr, to untreated and limestone neutralized acid mine drainage”. Journal of
Fish Biology, 59:79–91, (2001).
- Jeney, G., “Fish diseases ; Prevention and Control Strategie”s. Academic press, London wall,
8p, (2017).
- El-Sayed, Y.S, Saad, T.T., El-Bahr, S.M., “Acute intoxication of deltamethrin in monosex Nile
tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus with special reference to the clinical, biochemical and
haematological effects.”, Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 24: 212-217, (2007).
- Saravanan, M., Kumar, K.P., Ramesh, M., “ Haematological and biochemical responses of
freshwater teleost fish Cyprinus carpio (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) during acute and chronic
sublethal exposure to lindane”. Pesticides Biochemistry and Physiology, 100: 206-211, (2011).
- Ogueji, E.O., Nwani, C.D., Iheanacho, S.C, Mbah, C.E., Okeke, C.O., Yaji, A., “Acute toxicity
effects of ibuprofen on behaviour and haematological parameters of African catfish Clarias
gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)”, African Journal of Aquatic Science, 43(3): 293-303,
http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2018.1465393, (2018)
- Ranzani-Paiva, M.J.T., “Celulas do sangue periferico e contagem diferencial de leucocitos de
tainha Mugil platanus, Gunther, 1880 (Osteichtyes, Mugilidae) da regiao estuarinalagunar de
Cananeia SP (Lat. 25 00’S- Long 47 55W)”, Boletin Instituto de Pesca, 22 (1): 23-40, (1995).
- Romao, S., Donatti, L., Freitas, O.M., Teixeeira, J., Kusma, J., “Blood parameter analysis and
alterations as biomarkers on the health of Geophagus brasiliensis”, Brazilian Archive on
Biological Technology, 49(3): 344-347, (2006).
- Galhardo, L., Oliveira, R.F., “Psychological stress and welfare in fish. Annual Reviews in
Biomedical Sciences, 11:1-20, (2009).
- Canli, M., “Effects of mercury, chromium, and nickel on glycogen reserves and protein levels in
tissues of Cyprinus carpio”, Turkish Journal of Zoology, 20:161–168, (1996).
- Oner, M.A, Atli, G, Canli, M., “Changes in serum biochemical parameters of fresh water fish
Oreochromis niloticus following prolonged metal (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn) exposures”,
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 27(2): 360-366, (2008).
- John, P.J., “Alterations of certain blood parameters of freshwater teleost Mystus vittatus after
chronic exposure to Metasystox and Sevin”, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 33: 15-20,
(2007).
- Yaji, A.J., Iheanacho, S.C., Ogueji, E.O., “ Haematology and biochemical responses in
Oreochromis niloticus exposed to sub-acute doses of Aronil in a flow through bioassay” Egyptian
Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 22(3): 89-98,
http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejabf.2018.8770, (2018).
- Singh, H.S., Reddy, T.V., “Effect of copper sulfate on hematology,blood chemistry, and
hepatosomatic index of an Indian catfish, Heteropneustes fossillis (Bloch), and its recovery”,
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 20:30–35, (1990).