Microorganism and Pretreatment Effect on Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production
Microorganism and Pretreatment Effect on Lignocellulosic Bioethanol Production
The effects of pretreatments applied to raw materials and microorganism selection inlignocellulosic bioethanol production were investigated. It has been found that the yield ofenzymatic pretreatment process applied after the chemical pretreatment is about 4 times higherthan that only chemical. Enzymatic pretreatment used process yield is 3.5 times higher than thatchemical pretreatment. When the microorganism ethanol production yield values ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis were examined, it was found that S.cerevisiae wassuperior to P.stipitis in chemical pretreated reactors (about 1.7 times higher) while P. stipitis’yield was higher about 1.2 times in enzymatic pretreated reactors. When the reactors whichhave been pretreated with both chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis and P. stipitis andS. cerevisiae used separately were examined, it was observed that there was not a greatdifference in terms of ethanol production yield. C. thermocellum’s ethanol yield was foundabout 3 times lower than the S. cerevisiae and P. stipitis. According to the obtained data, it wasseen that S. cerevisiae could produce ethanol with higher efficiency than P. stipitis. At the sametime, the difficulty of C. thermocellum’s production conditions, high energy demand and highrisk of contamination, and low ethanol production yield, it is thought that it can only be used inthe research phase for now. But in particular, by investigating extracellular cellulase enzymesystem of C. thermocellum, genetic modifications are predicted to play an important role in thefuture in the second generation bioethanol production process.
___
- Renewable Fuels Assc., “2016 ethanol industry outlook, fueling high octane future”, Renewable
Fuels Association, web link: http://www.ethanolrfa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/EthanolIndustry-Outlook-2016.pdf,
(2016). (Last access: Dec. 2017).
- Gillon, S., “Flexible for whom? Flex crops, crises, fixes and the politics of exchanging use values
in US corn production”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 43(1):117-139p, DOI:
10.1080/03066150.2014.996555, (2016).
- Elmarzougui, E., Larue, B., “On the evolving relationship between corn and oil prices”,
Agribusiness, 29(3):344-360, (2013).
- du Preez, J.C., Bosch, M., Prior, B.A., “The fermentation of hexose sugars and pentose sugars by
Candida shehatae and Pichia stipitis”, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23:228-233,
(1986).
- Jeffries, T., Jin, Y.S., “Metabolic engineering for improved fermentation of pentoses by yeasts”,
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 63:495–509, (2004).
- Goncalves, F.A., Ruiz, H.A., dos Santos, E.S., Teixeira, J.A., de Macedo, G.R., “Bioethanol
production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia stipitis and Zymomonas mobilis from delignified
coconut fibre mature and lignin extraction according to biorefinery concept”, Renewable Energy,
94:353-365, (2016).
- Kasavi, C., “A system based rational approach to improve first and second generation bioethanol
production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae,” PhD Thesis, Boğaziçi University Chemical
Engineering, İstanbul, Turkey, (2013).
- Arora, R., Behera, S., and Kumar, S., “Bioprospecting thermophilic/thermotolerant microbes for
production of lignocellulosic ethanol: A future perspective,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 51:699-717, (2015).
- Saddler J. N. and Chan, M. K. H., “Optimization of Clostridium thermocellum growth on
cellulose and pretreated wood substrates,” European Journal of Applied Microbiology, 16(2-
3):99-104, (1982).
- Sills, D. and Gossett, J. M., “Assessment of commercial hemicellulases for saccharification of
alkaline pretreated perennial biomass,” Bioresource Technology, 102:1389-1398, (2011).
- Karagöz, P., “Lignocellulosic ethanol production via co-fermentation: Examining and
enhancement of pretreatment and fermentation processes”, PhD Thesis, Gebze Technology
Institute, Kocaeli, Turkey (2013).
- Nigam, J.N., “Bioconversion of water-hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) hemicellulose acid
hydrolysate to motor fuel ethanol by xylose-fermenting yeast”, Journal of Biotechnology,
97(2):107–116, (2002).
- Zhao, X., Xiong, L., Zhang, M., Fengwu, B., “Towards efficient bioethanol production from
agricultural and forestry residues: Exploration of unique natural microorganisms in combination
with advanced strain engineering”, Bioresource Technology, 215:84–91, (2016).
- Li, F., Ren, S., Zhang, W., Xu, Z., Xie, G., Chen, Y., Tu, Y., Li, Q., Zhou, S., Li, Y., Tu, F., Liu,
L., Wang, Y., Jiang, J., Qin, J., Li, S., Li, Q., Jing, H.C., Zhou, F., Gutterson, N., Peng, L.,
“Arabinose substitution degree in xylan positively affects lignocellulose enzymatic digestibility
after various NaOH/H2SO4 pretreatments in Miscanthus”, Bioresource Technology, 130:629-637,
(2013).
- Verardi, A, De Bari, I., Ricca, E., Calabrò, V., “Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: current
status of processes and technologies and future perspectives”, Bioethanol, 95–122, (2012).
- Xu, J., Cheng, J.J., Sharma-Shivappa, R.R., Burns, J.C., “Sodium hydroxide pretreatment of
switchgrass for ethanol production”, Energy Fuels, 24:2113–2119, (2010).
- Li, J., Zhou, P., Liu, H., Wu, K., Kang, X., Gong, Y., Xiao, W., Lin, J., Liu, Z., “A comparison of
fermentation strategies for cellulosic ethanol production from NaOH-soaked sugarcane bagasse at
high solid loading with decreased cellulase loading”, Industrial Crops and Products, 62:446–452,
(2014).
- Delgenes, J.P., Moletta, R., Navarro, J.M., “Effects of lignocellulose degradation products on
ethanol fermentations of glucose and xylose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Zymomonas mobilis,
Pichia stipitis, and Candida shehatae”, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 19(3):220-225,
(1996).
- Richard, P., Verho, R., Putkonen, M., Londesborough, J., and Penttilä, M., “Production of ethanol
from L-arabinose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing a fungal L-arabinose pathway”, FEMS
Yeast Research, 3(2):185-189, (2003).
- Becker, J. and Boles, E., “A modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that consumes Larabinose
and produces ethanol,” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(7):4144-4150,
(2003).
- Akinosho, H., Yee, K., Close, D., Ragauskas, A., “The emergence of Clostridium thermocellum
as a high utility candidate for consolidated bioprocessing applications”, Frontiers in Chemistry,
2:66, (2014).
- Lynd, L.R., Guss, A.M., Himmel, M.E., Beri, D., Herring, C., Holwerda, E.K., Murphy, S.J.,
Olson, D.G., Paye, J., Rydzak, T., Shao, X., Tian, L., Worthen, R., “Advances in consolidated
bioprocessing using Clostridium thermocellum and Thermoanaerobacter saccharolyticum”,
Industrial Biotechnology: Microorganisms, Volume 1, Chapter 10, Book Editor(s): Christoph
Wittmann, James C. Liao, https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527807796.ch10, (2016).