Ali Can KUZULUGİL, Ömer ÜNSAL, Nalan YILDIZ, Başak AYTATLI

Tarihi bir çevrede kent turizminin erişilebilirliğini geliştirmek için mekan dizimine (space syntax) dayalı bir analiz yöntemi

Kent merkezleri, geleneksel anlamda yerel ve uluslararası ziyaretçiler için cazibe noktalarıdır. Kentsel alanlar çeşitlilik ve konum açısından odak noktası olabilecek bir dizi turizm ve seyahat akışı sağlamaktadır. Kent içi mekânların anlamlı bütünsellik oluşturmasını sağlayacak en önemli nokta, mekanların ilişkisel yapılarıdır. Kentlerin zamanla yenilenmeleri ve tarihi miras alanlarının insanlar tarafından turizm amaçlı kullanma talepleri, kentin yapısal ve sosyal yapısını geliştirerek kent kimliğini doğru algılanmasını sağlayacaktır. Çalışmada Erzurum kent merkezindeki tarihi mekânların, fonksiyonellik açısından yapı özellikleri ile mekanların biçimlenme özellikleri arasındaki ilişkilerin karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmesine olanak sağlayan ve mekanların performansının fiziksel ve alansal biçimden etkileniş hikayesini anlatan Mekan dizimi analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Space Syntax’ın harita ve istatistiksel çizelgeleriyle erişilebilirlik, turistik rota ve insan akışındaki entegrasyon bağlantısına dayanarak, sokak ağı ve işlevsellik performansı değerlendirme amaçlanmıştır. Kentin tarihi mekanlarının olduğu rota üzerindeki cadde-sokak ağı tabanlı kritik noktalar belirlenmiş ve tarihi mekanların mevcut kullanımının, fonksiyonellik, ulaşım ve entegrasyon çekiciliği arasındaki kombinasyonun etkileri tespit edilmiştir. Tarihi dokunun yoğun olduğu kent bölümlerinde yapılı çevre ve şehir arasındaki ilişki ağı çevre, erişim-ulaşım ve sosyal ilişkiler yorumlanmıştır. Sonuçta yabancı turistler yüksek küresel entegrasyon gösteren sokaklarda gezinmeyi tercih ederken, yerel halkın yüksek yerel entegrasyon sergileyen sokakları tercih ettiği belirlenmiştir. Küresel entegrasyonun yüksek olduğu aksların, turistler için çok daha önemli bir rota oluşturduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Kentsel tarihi mekanlar, Turizm, Erişilebilirlik, Space syntax, Erzurum kent merkezi

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