___

• Miller W.S., Zhuang L., Bottema J., Wittebrood
• A.J., De Smet P., Haszler A., Vieregge A.,
• “Recent Development in Aluminium Alloys for
• The Automotive Industry”, Materials Science
• and Engineering A, 280, 37–49, 2000.
• Edwards K.L.,”Strategic Substitution of New
• Materials for Old: Applications in Automotive
• Product Development”, Materials and Design,
• , 529-533, 2004.
• Campbell J., Casting, Butterworth-
• Heinemann,Oxford, United Kingdom, 2003.
• Campbell J., Castings Practice The 10 Rules of
• Castings, Butterworth-Heinemann,Oxford,
• United Kingdom, 2004.
• Dai X., Yang X.,Campbell J., Wood J., “Effect of
• Runner System Design on The Mechanical
• Strength of Al-7Si-Mg Alloy Casting”, Materials
• Science Engineering A, 315-325, 2003.
• Reilly C.,Green N.R., Jolly M.R., “Surface Oxide
• Film Entrainment Mechanisms in Shape Casting
• Running System”, Metallurgical and Materials
• Transactions B, Volume 40B, 850-858, 2009.
• Mbuya T.O., Oduori M.F., Rading G.O., Wekesa
• M.S.,”Effect of Runner Design on Mechanical
• Properties of Permanent Mould Aluminium”,
• International Journal of Cast Metals
• Research, Volume 19, 2006.
• Mi J., Harding, R.A., Campbell, J.,”Effects of
• The Entrained Surface Film on The Reliability of
• Castings”, Metallurgical And Materials
• Transactions A-Physical Metallurgy and
• Materials Science 35A, 9, 2893-2902., 2004.
• Hsu F.Y., Jolly M.R., Campbell J., “ A Multiplegate
• Runner System for Gravity Casting”, Journal
• of Materials Processing Technology, Volume
• , 17, 5736-5750, 2009.
• Pavlak L., “Effect of Filling Conditions on The
• Quality of Cast Aluminum Cylinder Heads”,
• Association of Metallurgical Engineers of
• Serbia,31-39, 2008.
• Sirrell B., Campbell J.,”Mechanism of Filtration
• in Reduction of Defects Due to Surface
• Turbulence During Mold Filling”, AFS, 645-654,
• -
• Hsu F-Y., Lin H-J.,” Foam Filters Used in
• Gravity Casting”, Metallurgıcal and Materıals
• Transactıons B, Volume 42B, 1110-1117, 2011.
• Campbell J., “Entrainment Defects”, Materials
• Science and Technology, Volume 22, No 2, 127-
• , 2006.
• Dışpınar.D., Campbell J., “Critical Assesment of
• Reduced Pressure Test. Part1: Porosity
• Phenomena”, International Journal of Cast
• Metals Research,Volume 17., No.5.2004.
• Warmuzek M., “Metallographic Tecniques for
• Alüminum and Its Alloys”, ASM Handbook,
• Volume 9, 711-751, 2004.
• Ma Z., Samuel A.M., Samuel F.H., Doty H.W.,
• Valtierra S., “A Study of Tensile Properties in
• Al–Si–Cu and Al–Si–Mg alloys: Effect of β-iron
• Intermetallics and Porosity”, Materials Science
• and Engineering A,490, 36-51, 2008.
• Weibull, W., “A Statistical Distribution Function
• of Wide Applicability”, Journal of Applied
• Mechanics, 18, 293-297, 1951.
• Hsu F-H., Lin H-J., “A Diffusing Runner for
• Gravity Casting”, Metallurgical and Materials
• Transactions B, Volume 40B, 833-842, 2009.
• Reıkher A., Barkhudarov M.R., Casting: An
• Analytical Approach, Springer-Verlag London
• Limited, 2007.
• Ruddle R.W.,M.A., F.I.M., The Running and
• Gating of Sand Castings, The Instıtue of Metals,
• -
• Dutta B., Rettenmayr M., “Effect of cooling rate
• on the solidification behaviour of Al–Fe–Si
• alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering
• A283, 218–224, 2000.
• Wang Q. G., Davıdson C. J.,“Solidification and
• precipitation behaviour of Al-Si-Mg casting
• alloys”, Journal of Materials Science 36, 739-
• , 2001.
• Wang Q.G., Cáceres C.H.,”The fracture mode in
• Al–Si–Mg casting alloys”., Materials Science
• and Engineering A, Volume 241, 72-82,1998.