CBS VE UZAKTAN ALGILAMA DESTEKLİ KAR ERİMESİ MODELİ (SRM) İLE AKIŞ HİDROGRAFI BENZETİMİ (KAYSERİ-SARIZ ÇAYI HAVZASI ÖRNEĞİ)

Kar potansiyelinin fazla olduğu yüksek bölgelerdeki akarsu havzaların yıllık akış hacimlerinin büyük bir kısmı, kış aylarında oluşan kar örtüsünün ilkbaharda erimesi sonucu oluşmaktadır. Kardan beslenen havzalarda; havza akışının modellenmesi, su kaynaklarının verimli ve sürdürülebilir olarak işletilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Bu kapsamda; Seyhan Havzasının bir alt havzası olan Sarız Çayı Havzasının, 2004 ve 2005 yılları kar erime dönemlerine ait (Mart-Nisan) hidrograflarının simülasyonu (benzetimi) üzerine çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada, kar akış hacminin belirlenmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılan kar erimesi akışı hidrolojik modelleme programı olan Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM), Uzaktan Algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile birlikte uygulanmıştır. SRM programı bağımsız değişken olarak; sıcaklık, yağış ve karla kaplı alanın (KKA) günlük değişimlerine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. KKA değişimi, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) uydu görüntülerinin CBS ile sorgulanması sonucu belirlenmiştir. Benzetim çalışması iki alternatifli olarak yapılmıştır. Benzetilen hidrograflar, gözlenen hidrograflarla karşılaştırılmıştır ve genelde uyumludur. Benzetim çalışmalarının daha iyi ve güvenilir sonuç vermesi için çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur.

SIMULATION OF THE RUNOFF HYDROGRAPH BY SRM SUPPORTED BY GIS AND REMOTE SENSING (KAYSERİ-SARIZ CREEK WATERSHED CASE STUDY)

The significant part of annual runoff volume of the basins located at high altitudes with great snow potential is produced by melting of the accumulated snow in spring months. Modeling of hydrograph accumulation during melting seasons of snow is important for the operation of water resources as efficient and sustainable as possible. In this study, the simulation of hydrographs of Sarız Creek watershed in Seyhan Basin was studied for the snow melting seasons (March-April) of 2004 and 2005. Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM), which is widely used in hydrological modeling, was applied together with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technologies for determination of snowmelt runoff volume. SRM requires some daily climatologic variables of temperature, precipitation and snow covered area. Daily snow covered area values were determined by analyzing of MODIS satellite images with GIS. In the simulation studies, two cases were assessed. Solution has been provided as two alternatives. The simulated and observed hydrographs were compared and found in harmony. To make better and more reliable models, some improvements starting from the field observation are proposed

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