Bush Doktrininde Demokrasiyi Teşvik Politikası: Orta Asya Örneği

George W. Bush döneminde dünyada demokrasiyi teşvik politikası ABD güvenlik stratejisinin dayanağı ve terörizmle mücadelenin en iyi yöntemi olarak ilan edildi. Bu makale ABD’nin Orta Asya’ya askeri olarak yerleştiği 2001’den itibaren bölgedeki Amerikan demokrasiyi teşvik politikasını incelemektedir. Orta Asya hükümetleriyle yakın güvenlik işbirliğine giren ABD, diğer taraftan bölgeye yapılan yardımları ve demokrasi yardımlarını artırmıştır. Demokratik yardımların nihai amacı iktidar değişikliklerine zemin hazırlamaktı. Nitekim “renkli devrim” dalgası sırasında Kırgızistan’da iktidar değişikliğinin meydana gelmesi Bush yönetimi tarafından demokrasiyi teşvik politikasının başarısı olarak gösterilmiştir. Halbuki, bu politika neticesinde ABD’nin Orta Asya’daki itibarı ve gücü sarsılmış ve ABD Özbekistan’daki askeri üssünü kaybetmiştir. Bu çalışma, Bush yönetiminin demokrasi söylemini devam ettirirken Orta Asya’daki politikasını bölgesel güç dengesine göre ayarladığını iddia etmektedir. Bu çalışmaya göre Orta Asya örneği, bölgesel çokkutupluluk şartlarında demokrasiyi teşvik politikasının bir güvenlik politikası olarak uygulanamazlığını göstermiştir. Bu çalışma ABD resmi belgeleri ve ikincil kaynaklara dayanmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ABD, dış politika, Orta Asya, demokrasiyi teşvik, güvenlik çalışmaları

Democracy Promotion Policy in the Bush Doctrine: The Case of Central Asia

During the George W. Bush presidency promotion of democracy in the world was presented as a pillar of American security strategy and the best method to struggle with terrorism. This study examines American democracy promotion policy in Central Asia after American military deployment in the region in 2001. While being involved in close security cooperation with Central Asian governments, the US has increased foreign and democratic aid and assistance to the region. The ultimate aim of democratic aid and assistance was to lay the ground for regime change. Thus, regime change in Kyrgyzstan during the “colored revolutions” wave was presented by the Bush administration as the success of democracy promotion policy. However, as a result of this policy American reputation and power in Central Asia has been shaken and the US lost its military base in Uzbekistan. This study argues that despite continuing with democracy rhetoric, the Bush administration has adjusted its policy toward Central Asia in accordance with regional balance of power. According to this study the case of Central Asia has demonstrated that democracy promotion policy cannot be applied as a security policy in the conditions of regional multipolarity. This study is based on American official documents and secondary sources

Keywords:

USA, foreign policy, Central Asia, democracy promotion, security studies,

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