Purpose: The effect of G-CSF on bacterial translocation in an experimental en do toxemia model with LPS 055: B5 (Escherichia coli lipopolysacharide) was evaluated. Methods: 68 adult male mice were used in the study. Seventeen mice were allocated to each group. The first group received I ml 0 physiologic saline intraperitoneally (ip). In group II (G-CSF 50 $mu$/kg) was given ip, in group III LPS 055:B5 20mg/kg-l was given ip, and in group IV 24 hours (following the G-CSF application, 20 $mu$/kg 0 endotoxin was applied ip. Twenty-four hours later, midline laparotomy was performed under aseptic conditions and blood samples were collected by sterile cardiac puncture. Mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and liver specimens were also removed and homogenised. Homogenates were placed on EMB and blood agar. After 24 and 48 h of aerobic incubation the plates were examined and bacteria identified using standard microbiological techniques. Results: Leukocyte count of group ll, III and IV were significantly higher than that o( the control group (p '0.05 (or all comparisons). In group IV, this was also significantly higher than in the other groups (p