DEVLETİN KÖKENİ ÜZERİNE

Bu makalede son dönem sosyal bilimler alanında yapılmış çalışmalardan yararlanarak bazı felsefi kavram ve ayrımlar geliştirip devletin kökenini yeniden ele alacağız. Politik gücü uygarlığın göstergesi olan devlet olgusu ile, etik gücü ise kültürün taşıyıcısı topluluk ile ilişkilendireceğiz. Devletin kökeni hakkında sorulması gereken doğru sorunun şu olduğunu önereceğiz: "Devlete dönüşmesi için bir topluluk nasıl bir etik görünüme sahip olmalı?" Eğer devlet meşru gözüken şiddet kullanma hakkını elinde tutan güç ise, bir topluluğun etik bir sorun olmadıkça devlete dönüşmesi olanaklı değildir. Devletin kökenini anlamak için bu etik sorunu açığa çıkarmayı amaçlayacağız. Aristoteles'in içsel ve dışsal iyiler ayrımından yararlanarak, devlete dönüşen topluluklardaki etik sorunun içsel ve dışsal iyileri birbiri ile karıştırması olduğu sonucuna varacağız.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

DEVLET, POLİTİK GÜÇ, ETİK GÜÇ, UYGARLIK, KÜLTÜR

ON THE GENESIS OF STATE

In this essay we aim to reconsider the genesis of state by elaborating some philosophical concepts and distinctions based on the recent studies in social sciences. We will associate the political power with the realm of state, which is the hallmark of civilization, and the ethical power with the realm of community, which is the bearer of culture. The right question we suggest addressing on the genesis of state is "what kind of ethical outlook should a community have so as to transform into a state?" If the state turns out to be the only authority that possesses the use of violence seen to be legitimate, then it is impossible for a community to give birth to a state without an ethical problem. In order to understand the genesis of state we will aim to reveal this ethical problem. By appealing to the Aristotelian distinction between internal and external goods, we will conclude that the confusion between internal and external goods is the source of the ethical problem for the communities that transform into states.

Keywords:

STATE, POLITICAL POWER, ETHICAL POWER, CIVILIZATION, CULTURE,

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