Assessment of Fetal Growth by B-mode and Doppler Ultrasonography in Rabbit during Pregnancy *

Tavşanlarda Gebelik Boyunca B-mod ve Doppler Ultrasonografi Yardımıyla Fötal Gelişimin Incelenmesi Tavşanlarda gebelik boyunca fötal biometrik parametreler ve umbilikal arter kan akımına ait Doppler parametreleri incelendi. On adet sağlıklı Yeni Zelanda ırkı dişi tavşan kullanıldı. Gebeliğin 9-30 günleri arasında 3-4 gün aralıkla B-mod ve Doppler ultrasonografik muayeneler yapıldı. Sol kornunun en kaudalindeki fetüs üzerinde baş sağrı uzunluğu (BSU), biparietal baş çapı (BPÇ), göğüs çapı (GÇ) değerleri kaydedildi. Ek olarak, a. umbilikalis üzerinden fetal kalp atım sayısı (FKAS), pulsatil (PI) ve resistans (RI) indeks ölçümleri kaydedildi. Biometrik parametreler arasında BSU değeri gebelik yaşı ile yüksek korelasyonu gösterdi (r= 0.981). Yine BSU ve GÇ değerleri ile gebelik yaşı arasında yüksek pozitif korelasyon kaydedildi (r= 0.971). Fetal kalp atım sayısı, PI ve RI değerlerinin gebelik yaşı ile daha düşük negatif korelasyon gösterdiği (r= -562), (r= -0.383), (r=- 0.730) tespit edildi. Gebeliğin 20. gününden sonra PI sabit kalırken, RI ise belirgin şekilde düşüş gösterdi (P

Tavşanlarda Gebelik Boyunca B-mod ve Doppler Ultrasonografi Yardımıyla Fötal Gelişimin Incelenmesi

Fetal biometric parameters and Doppler parameters in blood flow of the umbilical artery during pregnancy in rabbits were evaluated. Ten healthy New-Zealand white female does were studied. B- mode and Doppler ultrasonographic examinations were performed at 3-4 d intervals from 9 to 30 days of pregnancy. The measurements of crown rump length (CRL) biparietal diameter (BPD), trunk diameter (TD) were recorded from the most caudal of the fetus, positioned in the left uterus horn. Additionally, fetal heart rate (FHR), arterial pulsatility and resistance indices (PI and RI) were recorded from the fetal umbilical artery. Of biometric parameters, BPD values were the most correlated with the gestational age (r= 0.981). CRL and TD values were in high positive correlation with the gestational age (r= 0.972). Lower negative correlations between FHR, PI, RI and gestational age (r= -0.562), (r= -0.383) and (r= -0.730) were recorded, respectively. On the 20th day of pregnancy, umbilical artery PI was stable but RI decreased significantly (P

PDF

___

Denton KM, Flower RL, Stevenson KM, et al. Adult rabbit offspring of mothers with secondary hypertension have increased blood pressure. Hypertension 2003; 41: 634- 639.
Nesbitt AE, Murphy RJ, O'Hagan KP. Effect of gestational stage on uterine artery blood flow during exercise in rabbits. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99: 2159-2165.
Carter AM. Animal model of human placentation: A review. Placenta 2007; 28:41-47.
Eixarch E, Figueras F, Hernández-Andrade E, et al. An experimental model of fetal growth restriction based on selective ligature of uteroplacental vessels in the pregnant rabbit. Fetal Diagn Ther 2009; 26: 203-211.
Chavatte-Palmer P, Laigre P, Simonoff E, et al. In utero characterisation of fetal growth by ultrasound scanning in the rabbit. Theriogenology 2008; 69: 859-869.
Griffin PC, Bienen L, Gillin CM, et al. Estimating pregnancy rates and litter size in snowshoe hares using ultrasound. Wildlife Soc Bull 2003; 31: 1066-1072.
Ypsilantis P, Saratis P. Early pregnancy diagnosis in the rabbit by real time ultrasonography. World Rabbit Sci 1999; 7: 95-99.
Gutierrez HE, Zamora FMM. Ultrasonography study of rabbits pregnancy. In: Proceedings of the 8th World Rabbit Congress. Puebla, Mexico WRC; 2004: 276-280.
Soroori S, Dehghan MM, Molazem M. Ultrasonographic assessment of gestational age in rabbit. In: Proceedings of the 15th Congress of FAVA. FAVA-OIE Joint Symposium on Emerging Diseases. Bangkok, Thailand 2008: 367-368.
Polisca A, Scoti L, Orlandi R, et al. Doppler evaluation of maternal and fetal vessels during normal gestation in rabbits. Theriogenology 2010; 73: 358-366.
Zone MA, Wanke MM. Diagnosis of canine fetal health by ultrasonography. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 2001; 57: 215-219.
Dubiel M, Breborowicz GH, Gudmundsson S. Evaluation of foetal circulation redistribution in pregnancies with absent or reversed diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Early Hum Dev 2003; 71: 149-156.
Schwarze A, Nelles I, Kraip M, et al. Doppler ultrasound of the uterine artery in the prediction of severe complications during low-risk pregnancies. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2005; 271: 46-52.
Hodges R, Endo M, La Gerche A, et al. Fetal echocardiography and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound in a rabbit model of intrauterine growth restriction. J Vis Exp 2013; 29 e50392: 1-8.
Lopez-Tello J, Barbero A, Gonzales-Bulnes A, et al. Characterization of early changes in fetoplacental hemodynamics in a diet-induced rabbit model of IUGR. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 6: 454-461.
Mourier E, Richard C, Chavatte-Palmer P. Ultrasound monitoring of fetal and placental growth and vascularization in the rabbit. Placenta 2014; 35: 9.
Gunduz MC, Turna O, Ucmak M, et al. Prediction of gestational week in Kivircik ewes using fetal ultrasound measurements. Agri J 2010; 5: 110-115.
Serin G, Gokdal O, Tarimcilar T, et al. Umbilical artery Doppler sonography in Saanen goat fetuses during singleton and multiple pregnancies, Theriogenology 2010; 74: 1082-1087.
Verstegen JP, Silva LD, Onclin K, et al. Echocardiographic study of heart rate in dog and cat fetuses in utero. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1993; 47: 175-180.
Karen AM, Fattouh El-Sayed M, et al. Estimation of gestational age ultrasonographic fetometry. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 114: Egyptian 167-174. native goats by
Nautrup CP. Doppler ultrasonography of canine maternal and fetal arteries during normal gestation. Reprod Fert Develop 1998; 112: 301-314.
Di Salvo P, Bocci F, Zelli R, et al. Doppler evaluation of maternal and foetal vessels during normal gestation in the bitch. Res Vet Sci 2006; 81: 382-388.
Scotti L, DiSalvo P, Bocci F, et al. Doppler evaluation of maternal and foetal vessels during normal gestation in queen. Theriogenology 2008; 69: 1111-1119.
Symonds ME, Clarke L. Nutrition-environment interactions in pregnancy. Nutr Res Rev 1996; 9: 135-148.