Küresel Kriz ve Maliye Politikası: Batı Balkan Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

2008 yılında patlak veren küresel finansal kriz, başta gelişmiş ülkeler olmak üzere birçok ülkeyi derinden etkilemiştir. Kriz, 2009 yılında Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinde büyüme oranlarında ciddi bir azalma ve işsizlik oranlarında hızlı bir artış olarak etkisini göstermiştir. Geçiş ekonomileri olarak da adlandırılan Batı Balkan ülkeleri de bu krizden etkilenmiştir. Bugüne kadar krizin etkilerini ortadan kaldırmak ya da hafifletmek için farklı politikalar gündeme gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ilk olarak kurtarma ve mali canlandırma paketleri uygulanmış, 2010 yılından sonra ise artan kamu borçları ve bütçe açıkları nedeniyle canlandırma paketlerinin yerini mali disiplin politikaları almıştır. Maliye politikası ekonomik faaliyetleri desteklemek yerine borçların azaltılmasına odaklanmış ve mali dengede iyileşmeyi hedefleyen daraltıcı politikalar ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Maliye politikalarındaki bu değişiklik hem GSYH, kamu borçları, kamu harcamaları gibi makroekonomik göstergeleri hem de işsizlik, gibi toplumsal konuları önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Batı Balkan ülkeleri bağlamında kriz sonrası maliye politikalarının gelişimini ve bunların mali ve ekonomik sonuçlarını analiz etmektedir. İncelenen ülkeler, Arnavutluk, Bosna-Hersek, Makedonya, Kosova, Karadağ ve Sırbistan'dır

Global Financial Crisis and Fiscal Policy: A Study on the Western Balkan Countries

Global financial crisis that emerged in 2008 deeply affected many countries including the developed ones. The crisis led to an important decline in the economic growth rate and an increase in the unemployment rate in the EU countries in 2009. Called as transition economies Western Balkan countries were also influenced by global financial crisis. Up to now different policies have been put on the agenda in order to eliminate or alleviate the impacts of the crisis. In this context, bailout and stimulus packages were implemented first. Stimulus packages were replaced with austerity measures because of increasing public debt and budget deficit after 2010. Fiscal policy was focused on reducing the debts instead of supporting the economic activities. These changes in fiscal policies have had a significant effect on both macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, public debts and public expenditure, and social issues such as unemployment. Focusing on Western Balkan countries which are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Serbia, this paper aims to study the development of the post-crisis fiscal policies in the context of the Western Balkan countries and to analyse their economic and fiscal results

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