Ahmet Erhan ŞEKERCİ

İdealist Bir İmmetaryalist: George Berkeley

George Berkeley, İngiliz deneyci geleneğinin ve aydınlanma düşüncesinin en önemli düşünürlerinden birisidir. İdealleri uğruna yaşamışbir filozof ve din adamı olarak Berkeley, immateryalizm gibi, gerek kendi zamanında gerekse sonrasında oldukça ciddi eleştirilere maruz kalmışbir kavramı, düşünce dünyasının merkezine yerleştirmiş ve ömrü boyuncada onun anlaşılması için çaba sarfetmiştir. Biz bu makalemizde, düşünce tarihinin en önemli idealistlerinden biri olan kabul edilen Berkeleyin,bu kendine has ve tutkulu bakış açısının immateryalist düşünceyi nasılşekillendirdiğini ortaya koyacağız. Bu arada onun immateryalizminin anaunsurları olan din, ahlak, Tanrı ve soyut kavramlara dair görüşlerinin, düşüncesindeki etkilerinin görülmesini sağlayacağız. En önemlisi ise onun,sadece bir idealist mi yoksa bir immateryalist mi olduğu, ya da idealizmiiçinde barındıran bir immateryalizmi öngörüp öngörmediğini irdelemeyeçalışacağız.

An Idealist Immaterialist: George Berkeley

George Berkeley is one of the most important thinkers of Britishempiricist tradition and the Enlightenment. He who was a philosopher andcleric sought a life after his ideals; he placed immaterialism, which hasbeen subject to fierce criticism not only during his lifetime but also afterhim, in the center of his system of thought and spent efforts to make it understood. In this article, we will try to state how this view of Berkeley whois a unique and passionate idealist has shaped the immaterialist thought.We will also examine how his view of the abstract concepts of religion,morality and God that are the main elements of his immaterialism have influenced his thought. We will also try to discover whether he is an idealistor immaterialist, or he anticipated an immaterialism that includes idealism.

PDF

___

A.C. Grayling, Berkeleys argument for immaterialism, The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley, ed. Kenneth P.Winkler, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-2005.
Acton, H.B., George Berkeley, Maxmillian Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2. Edition, c. I, 2006.
Açıköz, H.Mustafa, Berkeley ve İmmateryalist Metafiziği, Elis Yayınları, Ankara-2003.
Avramide, Anita, Other Minds, Routledge, Oxon-2000.
Bennett, Jonathan, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Central Themes, Oxford University Press, 7.baskı, Oxford-1991
Berkeley, George, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, (içinde), J.B.Lippincott&Co, Philadelphia-1881.
.., An Essay Towards Preventing the Ruin of Great Britain, The Works of George Berkeley (içinde), vol.III, Londra-1820
.., Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, ed. David Berman, Routledge, London and Newyork-1993.
.., Hylas ile Philonous Arasında Üç Konuşma, ter. K.Sahir Sel, Sosyal Yayınlar, 1996.
..., Siris: A Chain of Philosophical Reflection and Inquiries Concerning The Virtues of Tar Water, The Works of George Berkeley (içinde) vol. III, London-1820.
..., İnsan Bilgisinin İlkeleri Üzerine, çev: Halil Turan, Bilim ve Sanat, Ankara-1996.
Broadie, Alexander, Roger Bacon, The Oxf ord Companion to Philosophy, ed. Ted Honderich, Oxford, Oxford Universitiy Press, Oxford-1995.
Brown, Stuart, The Critical Reception of Malebranche The Cambridge Companion to Malebranche, ed. Steven Nadler, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-2006
Burnyeat, M.F., Idealism and Greek Philosophy: What Descartes Saw and Berkeley Missed The Philosophical Review, , XCI, No:1, 1982.
Caffentzis, G.C., Locke, Berkeley and Hume as Phisophers of Money, George Berkeley: Religion and Science in the Age of Enlightenment, ed: Silvia Parigi, Springer, 2010
Cevizci, Ahmet, Felsefe Tarihi, Say Yayınları, 5.baskı, İstanbul-2014
Cummins, Philips D., Berkeley on minds and agency, The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley, ed. Kenneth P.Winkler, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-2005.
David Berman, Introduction, Alciphron, or the Minute Philosopher, (içinde) ed. David Berman, Routledge, London and Newyork-1993.
Fogelin, Robert J., Berkeley and the Principles of Human Knowledge, Routledge, New York, 2005.
., Routledge Philosophy GuideBook to Berkeley and the Principles of Human Knowledge, Routledge-2003
Franck, Richard, Modern Philosophy the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Routledge, London,-2004.
Fraser, Alexander Campbell, George Berkeley, The Works of George Berkeley, ed. A.C.Fraser, Oxford-1901.
Garrett, Aaron, Berkeleys Three Dialogues, Continuum International Publishing, London-2008
http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/ lookupname?key=Berkeley%2C%20George%2C%201685-1753, 30.10.2014.
http://tigger.uic.edu/~hilbert/Images%20of%20Berkeley/Berk_life.htm 30.10.2014
Jolley, Nicholas, Berkeley and Malebranche on Causality and Volition, Central Themes in Early Modern Philosophy, ed. J.A Cover; Mark Kulstad, Hackett Publishing Company, 1990
Krauth, Charles P., Prolegomena, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge, (içinde), J.B.Lippincott&Co, Philadelphia-1881.
Locke, J. Locke, İnsan Anlığı Üzerine Bir Deneme çev. Vehbi Hacıkadiroğlu, Kabalcı Yayınevi, İstanbul-1996.
Muehlmann, Robert, Berkeleys Metaphysics: Structural, Interpretive and Critical Essays, Penn State Press, Pennsylvania-2010
Robert, John Russell, A Metaphysics for Mob, The Philosophy of George Berkeley, Oxford University Press, Oxford-2007.
The Concise Encyclopedia of Western Philosophy and Philosophers, ed. J.O. Urmson, Hawthorn Books Inc, New York-1990
Timuçin, Afşar, Düşünce Tarihi, BDS Yayınları, İstanbul-1992.
Winkler, Kenneth. P., Introduction, The Cambridge Companion to Berkeley, ed. Kenneth P.Winkler, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge-2005.
, The New Hume, The Philosophical Review, vol.100, no:4, 1991.