Transhümanizm, Posthümanizm ve “Siborg Kimliği”

Bu makalenin amacı, birbirine karıştırılan Transhümanizm ve Posthümanizm akımlarının kısa bir analizini yapmak ve Donna Haraway’in “siborg kimliği” kavramsallaştırması üzerinden söz konusu fikir akımlarının sosyal ve ekolojik meselelere bakışını karşılaştırmaktır. Haraway A Cyborg Manifesto’da ve sonraki eserlerinde, çığır açan bir bakış açısı geliştirmiştir. Bu bakış açısı hayvan, insan, makina, erkek, kadın, vb. tahakküme sebep olan ve önceden belirlenmiş, ayrık kategori ve kimlikleri belirsizleştirerek tahakkümün önüne geçmeye çalışmaktadır. Postmodern bir yapısöküm süreciyle Haraway Batı düalizmine ve onun sebep olduğu tüm hegemonyalara meydan okumaktadır. İnsanmerkezci yaklaşımı Hümanistlerden devralan Transhümanistler insanlık durumunu iyileştirmek için her türlü teknolojik ilerlemeyi desteklerken, Posthümanistler insanmerkezci anlayışın toplumsal ve ekolojik adalete verdiği zararlara dikkat çekerek, gezegende yaşayan diğer türlere karşı daha kapsayıcı ve şefkatli bir yaklaşım sunmaktadırlar. Hem Transhümanistler hem de Posthümanistler iyileştirmeyi desteklemektedir, bununla beraber Transhümanistlerin insanlık durumunu -insanın doğal çevresiyle ilişkisini de gözeterek- gerçekten iyileştirebilmek için Posthümanistlerin içgörülerine ihtiyaçları vardır.

Transhumanism, Posthumanism, And The “Cyborg Identity”

The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief analysis of two confusable philosophical positions,Transhumanism and Posthumanism, and compare their approaches in terms of their social andecological concerns through an examination of Donna Haraway’s “cyborg identity.” Harawayintroduces a ground-breaking approach in A Cyborg Manifesto and her later works, which blurs theformerly defined, distinct categories and identities that underlie the oppression of animals, humans,men, women, machines etc. By using postmodernist deconstruction, she wants to challenge Westerndualisms and all kinds of oppression it causes. While Transhumanists, who inherit anthropocentrismfrom Humanism, support technological advancement to enhance the human condition, Posthumanistsdraw attention to the harms of the anthropocentric approach in terms of social and ecological justiceand offer a more comprehensive and compassionate approach to other species inhabiting the planet.Since both Transhumanists and Posthumanists promote enhancement, Transhumanists needPosthumanist insights to really enhance the human condition concerning her environment.

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