DTPA-extractable micronutrients: A geostatistical study from Ordu, Turkey

In present study, geostatistical techniques were applied to assess the spatial variability of DTPA-extractable micronutrients which are named heavy metals as chemistry such as; iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in the non-tillaged layer in Ordu province- Altınordu district, Black sea region, Eastern part of Turkey. Study area was approximately 40095.8 ha where was divided into grids with 2500 x 2500 m spacing with including 66 sampling points from 0-0.2 m in depth. Soil reaction (pH) was the least variable property while electrical conductivity (EC) was the most variable. While the highest nugget effect occurred for Ext-Cu with moderate spatial dependence, the lowest for Ext-Mn with strong spatial dependence. The greatest range of influence (17424 m) occurred for Ext-Cu and the least range (692 m) for Ext-Zn. 

___

  • Akbaş, F., Günal, H., Gökmen, F., Gezgin, S., Erşahin, S., 2009. Spatial variation of micronutrients in topsoil and subsoil of Vertic Haplustepts. Agrochimica 53(2): 101-116.
  • Ardahanloğlu, I., Öztas, T., Evren, S., Yılmaz, T., Yıldırım, Z.N., 2003. Spatial variability of exchangeable sodium, electrical conductivity, soil pH and boron content in salt- and sodium-affected areas of the Iğdır plain (Turkey). Journal of Arid Environment 54(3): 495-503.
  • Aşkın, T., Kızılkaya, R., 2006. Assessing spatial variability of soil enzyme activities in pasture topsoils using geostatistics. European Journal of Soil Biology 42(4): 230-237.
  • Aşkın, T., 2010. Evaluation of some soil properties as related to landscape position using geostatistical techniques, International Scientific and Practical Conference on Scientific Support – To Innovative Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex), 18-19 November, Perm State Agricultural Academy, Perm, Russia, p. 34-40.
  • Aşkın, T., Sinitsa, Y.N., Kızılkaya, R., 2011. The spatial variability of arylsulphatase activity: A study from agricultural ecosystems, International Conference on “Resource Potential of Soils – The Basis of the Food and Ecological Safety of Russia”, 1-4 March, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, p. 324-327
  • Başkan, O., 2004. Gölbaşı yöresi topraklarının mühendislik, fiziksel özellik ilişkilerinde jeoistatistik uygulaması. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Toprak Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, Ankara. [in Turkish]
  • Benayas, J.M.R., Sachez-colomer, M.G., Escudero, A., 2004. Landscape- and field-scale control of spatial variation of soil properties in Mediterranean montane meadows. Biogeochemistry 69(2): 207-225.
  • Brady, A.C., Veil, R.R., 2002. The nature and properties of soils. 13th edition, Prentice Hall. New Jersey, USA.
  • Cambardella, C.A., Moorman, A.T., Novak, J.M., Parkin, T.B., Karlen, D.R., Turco, R.F., Konopka, A.E., 1994. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society America Journal 58(5): 1501-1511.
  • Chien, Y.J., Lee, D.Y, Guo, H.Y., Houng, K.H., 1997. Geostatistical analysis of soil properties of mid-west Taiwan soils. Soil Science 162(4): 291–298.
  • Epstein, E., 1972. Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA.
  • Gao, Y.M., Tong, Y.A., 2007. Spatial variability and distribution of five soil microelements content in farmland of Guanzhong Plain. Journal of Northwest A & F University (Natural Science Edition) 53: 121-127.
  • Gee, G.W., Bauder, J.W., 1979. Particle size analysis by hydrometer: a simplified method for routine textural analysis and a sensitivity test of measured parameters. Soil Science Society America Journal 43(5): 1004-1007.
  • Glass, D.M. 1989. Plant Nutrition: An Introduction to Current Concepts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Boston, MA, USA.
  • GS+, 2014. Gamma Design Software LLC.. P.O. Box 201, Plainwell, Michigan, USA.
  • Huichun Y., Chongyang S., Yuanfang H., Wenjiang H., Shiwen Z. ,Xiaohong J., 2015. Spatial variability of available soil microelements in an ecological functional zone of Beijing. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 187:13.
  • Kerry, R., Oliver, M.A., 2004. Average variograms to guide soil sampling. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 5(4): 307-325.
  • Lindsay, W.L., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, mangasese, and copper. Soil Science Society America Journal 42(3): 421-428.
  • McBratney, A.B., Webster, R., 1983. Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties: V. Co regionalization and multiple sampling strategy. European Journal of Soil Science 34(1): 137-162.
  • Nelson, D.W., Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Page, A.L. Miller, R. H., Keeney, D.R. (eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 539-577.
  • Oliver, M.A., 1987. Geostatistics and its application to soil science. Soil Use and Management 3(1): 8-19.
  • Öztas, T., 1996. Identifying spatial variability of soil depth lost to erosion in a rolling landscape using Kriging analysis. Symposium on Agriculture-Environment Relations, p. 327-335, Mersin, Turkey.
  • Peech, M., 1965. Hydrogen-ion activity. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Black, C.A. (ed.). American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 914-925,
  • Römheld, V., Marschner. H., 1991. Function of micronutrients in plants. In: Micronutrients in Agriculture. Morvedt, J.J., (ed.). 2nd ed., Soil Science Society of America Book Series Number 4, Madison, WI, USA. pp. 297–328.
  • Sharma, B.D., Jassal, H.S., 2013. Study of a toposequence for variability in micronutrients from the moist subhumid Siwalik agro-ecological subregion of Punjab. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 59(4): 573-591.
  • Singh, J.P., Karamanos, R.E., Kachannoski, R.G., 1985. Spatial variability of extractable micronutrients in a cultivated and native prairie soil. Canadian Journal Soil of Science 65(1): 149-156.
  • Singh, M.V., 2008. Micronutrient fertility mapping for Indian soil, Technical Bulletin. AICRP Micronutrients, IISS, Bhopal. 7: 1-60.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1993. Soil Survey Manual. USDA Handbook No. 18, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Thakur, R., Kauraw, D.L., Singh, M., 2011. Profile distribution of micronutrient cations in a Vertisol as influenced by long-term application of manure and fertilizers. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science 59(3): 239–244.
  • Trangmar, B.B., Yost, R.S., Uehara, G., 1985. Application of geostatistics to spatial studies of soil properties. Advances in Agronomy 38: 45-93.