___

• Aitchison, J. (1992). Linguistics. London: Hodder & Stoughton.
• Aksan, M., & Mersinli, Ü. (2015). Retrieving and analyzing requestive forms: Evidence from the Turkish National Corpus. In S. Ruhi & Y. Aksan (Eds.), Exploring (im)politeness in specialized and general corpora: converging methodologies and analytic procedures (pp. 169-215). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
• Alemi, M., & Razzaghi, S. (2013). Politeness markers in English for business purposes textbook. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(4), 109- 123. https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2012.191
• Aslan, S. (2005). Türkiye Türkçesinde sezdirmeye dayalı rica stratejileri. Modern Türklük Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1, 114-126.
• Bayyurt, Y., & Bayraktaroğlu, A. (2001). The use of pronouns and terms of address in Turkish service encounters. In A. Bayraktaroğlu & M. Sifianou (Eds.), Linguistic politeness across boundaries. The case of Greek and Turkish (pp. 209-240). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.88.09bay
• Beck, J. (2015). So What? What it means when people leave the word “so” dangling at the end of a sentence. Retrieved from https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015.
• Beebe, L., & Cumming, M. C. (1996). Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In S. Gass & J. Neu (Eds.), Speech acts across cultures: Challenges to communication in a second language (pp.65-86). New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
• Bella, S. (2012). Pragmatic development in a foreign language: A study of Greek FL requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 44(13), 1917-1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.08.014
• Billmyer, K., & Varghese, M. (2000). Investigating instrument-based pragmatic variability: Effects of enhancing discourse completion tests. Applied Linguistics, 21(4), 517- 552. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/21.4.517
• Boyacı, A. (2011). Erasmus exchange students' comparative views on classroom management in Turkey and in their country (Anadolu University case). Education and Science, 36(159), 270-282.
• Blum-Kulka, S. (1987). Indirectness and politeness in requests: Same or different? Journal of Pragmatics, 11(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-2166(87)90192-5
• Blum-Kulka, S. (1989). Playing it safe: The role of conventionality and indirectness. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics. Requests and apologies (pp. 37-70). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
• Blum-Kulka, S., & Olshtain, E. (1984). Requests and apologies: A cross-cultural study of speech act realization patterns (CCSARP). Applied Linguistics, 5(3), 196-213. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/5.3.196
• Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (1989). Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing.
• Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511813085
• Coates, J. (2015). Women, men and language: A sociolinguistic account of gender differences in language. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315645612
• Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness. Using language to cause offence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
• Curl, T. S., & Drew, P. (2008). Contingency and action: A comparison of two forms of requesting. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 41(2), 129-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/08351810802028613
• Doğançay-Aktuna, S., & Kamışlı, S. (2001). Linguistics of power and politeness in Turkish: Revelations from speech acts. In A. Bayraktaroğlu & M. Sifianou (Eds.), Linguistic politeness across boundaries: The case of Greek and Turkish. (pp. 75-104). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.88.05dog
• Economidou-Kogetsidis, M. (2013). Strategies, modification and perspective in native speakers’ requests: A comparison of WDCT and naturally occurring requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 53, 21-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.03.014
• Eckert, P., & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1995). Constructing meaning, constructing selves: Snapshots of language, gender and class from Belten High. In M. Bucholtz & K. Hall (Eds.), Gender articulated: Language and the culturally constructed self (pp. 469-507). London: Routledge.
• Erişti, B., Polat, M., & Erdem, C. (2018). Yükseköğretimde uluslararasılaşma: Uluslararası öğrencilerin bulunduğu sınıflarda ders veren öğretim elemanlarının öğretim sürecinde yaşadıkları sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 7(2), 352-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v7i2.1539
• Ervin-Tripp, S. M. (1996). Context in language. In D. I. Slobin, J. Gerhardt, A. Kyratzis, & J. Guo (Eds.), Social interactions, social context, and language (pp. 21-38). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Faerch, C., & Kasper, G. (1989). Internal and external modification in interlanguage request realization. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies (pp. 221-247). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
• Félix-Brasdefer, J. C. (2010). Data collection methods in speech act performance: DCTs, role plays, and verbal reports. In A. Martínez-Flor & E. Usó-Juan (Eds.), Speech act performance: Theoretical, empirical, and methodological issues (pp. 41–56). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/lllt.26.03fel
• Flöck, I. (2016). Requests in American and British English: A contrastive multi-method analysis. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.265
• Gagne, C. (2018). Indirectness and entitlement in product requests in British service encounters. Journal of Pragmatics, 133, 1-14. doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2018.05.015
• Golato, A. (2005). Compliments and compliment responses: Grammatical structure and sequential organization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/sidag.15
• González-Cruz, M. I. (2014). Request patterns by EFL Canarian Spanish students: Contrasting data by languages and research methods. Intercultural Pragmatics, 11(4), 547- 573. https://doi:10.1515/ip-2014-0024
• Göksel, A., & Kerslake, C. (2005). Turkish: An essential grammar. London: Routledge.
• Güney, S. (2015). Sosyal psikoloji. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Hayasi, T. (1998). Gender differences in modern Turkish discourse. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 129(1), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1998.129.117
• Hinkel, E. (1997). Appropriateness of advice: DCT and multiple-choice data. Applied Linguistics, 18(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/18.1.1
• Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men and politeness. London: Longman.
• Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. K. (2002). The Cambridge grammar of English language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Huls, E. (1988). Politeness phenomena in the directives used by Turkish migrant families in the Netherlands. In S. Koç (Ed.), Studies in Turkish linguistics (pp. 1-25). Ankara: Middle East Technical University Press.
• Jalilifar, A. (2009). Request strategies: Cross-sectional study of Iranian EFL learners and Australian native speakers. English Language Teaching, 2(1), 46-61. https://doi:10.5539/elt.v2n1p46
• Karagöz, T., & İşisağ, K. U. (2019). An Investigation into the request realization patterns of Turkish ELT students. Novitas-ROYAL (Research on Youth and Language), 13(1), 84-102.
• Kasper, G. (1992). Pragmatic transfer. Second Language Research, 8(3), 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/026765839200800303
• Kasper, G., & Rose, K. R. (2002). Pragmatic development in a second language. Oxford: Blackwell.
• Kasper, G. (2006). Speech acts in interaction: Towards discursive pragmatics. In K. Bardovi-Harlig, C. Félix-Brasdefer, & A. Omar (Eds.), Pragmatics and language learning, Vol. 11 (pp. 281-314). Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.
• Ko, S., Eslami, Z. R., & Burlbaw, L. M. (2015). Investigating non-native English-speaking graduate students’ pragmatic development in requestive emails. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 3(1), 1-15.
• Lakoff, R. (1975). Language and woman’s place. New York: Harper and Row.
• Leech, G. (2011). Principles and applications of corpus linguistics. In V. Viana, S. Zyngier & G. Barnbrook (Eds.), Perspectives on corpus linguistics (pp. 155-170). Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
• Leech, G.N., & Thomas, J. (1990). Language, meaning and context: Pragmatics. In N.E. Collinge (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language (pp. 173-206). London: Routledge.
• Márquez Reiter, R., Ganchenko, K., & Charalambidou, A. (2016). Requests and counters in Russian traffic police officer-citizen encounters. Pragmatics and Society, 7(4), 512-539. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.7.4.01mar
• Martı, L. (2006). Indirectness and politeness in Turkish–German bilingual and Turkish monolingual requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 38(11), 1836-1869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2005.05.009
• Masuda, K. (2011). Acquiring interactional competence in a study abroad context: Japanese language learners’ use of the interactional particle ne. The Modern Language Journal, 95(4), 519-540. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01256.x
• Mills, S. (2003). Gender and politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Norrick, N. R. (2009). Conjunctions in final position in everyday talk. In B. Fraser & K. Turner (Eds.), Language in life, and a life in language: Jacob Mey - a festschrift (pp. 319-328). Bingley: Emerald. https://doi: 10.1163/9789004253209_041
• Otcu-Grillman, B. (2016). “Speak Turkish!” or not? Language choices, identities and relationship building within New York’s Turkish community. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 237, 161-181. https://doi:10.1515/ijsl-2015-0040
• Raymond, G. (2004). Prompting action: The stand-alone" so" in ordinary conversation. Research on Language and Social Interaction, 37(2), 185-218. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327973rlsi3702_4
• Ren, W. (2019). Pragmatic development of Chinese during study abroad: A cross-sectional study of learner requests. Journal of Pragmatics, 146, 137-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.017
• Rintell, E., & Mitchell, C. (1989). Studying request and apologies: An inquiry into method. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies (pp. 248-272). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
• Schauer, G. (2009). Interlanguage pragmatic development: The study abroad context. London: Continuum.
• Shams, R., & Afghari, A. (2011). Effects of culture and gender in comprehension of speech acts of indirect requests. English Language Teaching, 4(4), 279-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v4n4p279
• Sifianou, M. (1992). Politeness phenomena in England and Greece: A cross-cultural perspective. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
• Spitz, A. (2005). Power plays: The representation of mother-daughter disputes in contemporary plays by women. A study in discourse analysis. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken.
• Taguchi, N. (2018). Description and explanation of pragmatic development: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods research. System, 75, 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2018.03.010
• Vergis, N., & Terkourafi, M. (2015). The role of the speaker’s emotional state in im/politeness assessments. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 34(3), 316-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X14556817
• Weizman, E. (1989). Requestive hints. In S. Blum-Kulka, J. House & G. Kasper (Eds.), Cross- cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies (pp. 71–95). Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
• Will. (n.d.) In Cambridge dictionary. Retrieved April 15, 2020 from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/modals-and- modality/will
• Yuan, Y. (2001). An inquiry into empirical pragmatics data-gathering methods: Written DCTs, oral DCTs, field notes, and natural conversations. Journal of Pragmatics, 33(2), 271-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(00)00031-X
• Zeyrek, D. (2001). Politeness in Turkish and its linguistic manifestations. In A. Bayraktaroğlu & M. Sifianou (Eds.), Linguistic politeness across boundaries. The case of Greek and Turkish (pp. 43-73). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. https://doi.org/10.1075/pbns.88.04zey