Yurdumuzda Avian Encephalomyelitis Olayları ve Göz Bulguları

Avian encephalomyelitis ilk olarak Türkiye'de klinik, epidemiyolojik, histopatolojik yoklamalar ve hastalığı nakletme denemeleri ile Ocak- 1971 de teşhis edildi. Bugüne kadar hastalık Ankara'da iki tavuk çiftliğinde görüldü. Enfeksiyonun yetiştirme - materyal ile yurda sokulduğu sanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2 - 4 haftalık iken hastalığa yakalanan ve Etlik Veteriner Araştırma ve Kontrol Enstitüsüne gönderilen hastalıklı 50 civcivin- 100 gözü incelenmiştir. Yapılan yoklamalarda; a - iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis, chorioretinitis, uveitis ve endophthalmitis; b - katarakt benzeri lezyonlar; c - retinanın ganglion gözeleri katında nöronların soysuzlaşma ve nekrozisi, optik sinir telleri katının dış kesiminde vakuolleşme, fotoreseptörlerin dış segmentlerinde lamina'lı yapının bozulması ve büyük küçük vakuolleşme, retina ayrılması ve anormallikleri; d - optik sinirde gliosis; e - irisin arka yapışıklığı;f - keratik çökelekler; ve g - gözkapaklarında lenfoid adacıklar bulunmuştur. Hastalığın patogenezisi tartışılmıştır. Bu konuda fazla çalışma yapılmasına rağmen henüz açıklanmayan taraflar bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avian Encephalomyelitis, Göz, 1971, Hamdi GİRGİN, göz bulguları

The First Recorded Cases of Avian Encephalomyelitis in Turkey and the Studies on Ocular Lesions

Two outbreaks of avian encephalomyelitis were detected for the first time in two poultry farms in Balgat and Gölbası, Ankara, Turkey. The disease was diagnosed by clinical, epidemiological, histopathological examinations and transmission experiments in January 1971. The infection was probably introduced into Turkey with iınported breeding ınaterial from abroad. In this study, 100 eyes taken from 50 diseased chicks aged 2-4 weeks were examined histopathologically. In the examination, a - iritis, iridocyclitis, choroiditis, chorioretinitis, uveitis and endophthalmitis; b - cataractous lesions; c- euronal degeneration and necrosis with lass of neurons in the ganglion cell layer, and large vacuoles in the outer portion .of the optic nerve fiber layer, fragınentation of the outer segments of the photoreceptors with disorientation .of their laminated structures', and retirral detachment and retİnal abnormalities; d - gliosis in the optic nerve; e - posterior synechiae; f ~ keratic precipitates and g ..,.- lymphoid islands in the eyelids wer~ found. The pathogenesis .. of the disease was discussed. Althought its pathogenesis has been the subject of much study, it is stili not clear. Much study is needed on the possible effect of the avian encephalomyelitis virus upon ocular structure.

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