Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesindeki Gökkuşağı Alabalıkları (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)’ nda Laktokokkozis ve Lactococcus Garvieae Etkeninin Antimikrobiyal Duyarlılığı
Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesindeki gökkuşağı alabalıklarından Lactococcus garvieae izole edildi.
Hastalık salgını ortalama 16.7°C su sıcaklığında Nisan-Mayıs 2009 aylarında görüldü. Hasta gökkuşağı alabalıklarında
klinik olarak durgunluk, iştahsızlık, renkte koyulaşma, tek ya da çift taraflı eksoftalmus, korneada opaklaşma,
gözlerde, pektoral ve anal yüzgeç tabanlarında hemoraji, karında şişkinlik, vücut yüzeyinde yaralar görüldü. Nekropside
vücut boşluğunda kanlı-renkli bir sıvının varlığı, barsak ve midede sarı berrak renkte sıvı ile karakterize asites, dalak ve
böbrekte büyüme, renklerinde koyulaşma, karaciğerde büyüme, renginde açılma ve peteşiyel kanamaların olduğu tespit
edildi. Hastalık etkenini izole etmek için yaklaşık 50-100 g ağırlığında hasta 20 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı bakteriyolojik
incelemelerde kullanıldı. Bakterilerin identifikasyonunda konvansiyonel testler kullanıldı ve hastalık etkeni L.garvieae
olarak tanımlandı. İzole edilen L.garvieae suşu, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol,
doxycycline, enroflaxacin, pristinamycine ve tetracycline duyarlı olduğu tespit edildi.
Lactococcosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,Walbaum, 1792) in the Middle Black Sea Region in Turkey and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of the Aetiological Agent, Lactococcus Garvieae
In this research study, we isolated Lactococcus garvieae from rainbow trout in the middle Black Sea region
in Turkey. The diseases outbreak occurred at average water temperature of 16.7°C during April-May 2009. Clinically
stagnation, inapetence, darkening of the skin, exophtalmia, opacification in the cornea, hemorrhages in the eyes and at
the base of pectoral and anal fins, swollen abdomen and wounds on the body surface were observed in infected fish. In
necropsy; the existence of accumulation of bloody fluid in the body cavity, ascites in the intestines and the stomach characterized
with a yellowish-colored liquid, enlarged and darkening in the spleen and kidney, fading in colour, existence
of petechial hemorrhages and enlarged in the liver were detected. In order to isolate the aetiological agent, 20 infected
rainbow trout weighting between 50-100 gr were used. As the result of conventional tests used in the identification of the
bacteria, the aetiological agent was identified as L.garvieae. The isolated L.gavieae strain was determined as susceptible
to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, enroflaxacin, pristinamycine
and tetracycline.
___
- Akşit D, Kum C, (2008). Determination of antibiotics susceptibility
of frequently isolated pathogen microorganisms
from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum
1792). YYÜ Vet Fak Derg. 19 (1), 1-7.
- Altun S, Diler A, Diler, Ö, Basak, K, Isıklı, BI, (2005).
Histopathology of Streptococcosis in rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Bull Eur Ass Fish
Pathol. 25, 131-135.
- Altun S, Kubilay A, Ekici S, Didinen BI, Diler O, (2010).
Oral vaccination against lactococcosis in rainbow trout
(Oncorhynchus mykiss) using sodium alginate and poly
(lactide-co-glycolide) carrier. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg.
16 (Suppl-B), 211-217.
- Altun S, Onuk EE, Çiftçi A, Büyükekiz AG, Duman M,
(2013). Phenotypic, genotypic characterisation and antimicrobial
susceptibility determination of Lactococcus garvieae
strains. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 19, 375-381.
- Austin B, Austin DA eds., (1999). Bacterial fish pathogens:
Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish. 3rd rev.ed. Praxis
Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK. p. 457.
- Avcı H, Aydoğan A., Tanrıkul TT, Birincioğlu S, (2010).
Pathological and microbiological investigations in rainbow
trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) naturally
infected with Lactococcus garvieae. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak
Derg. 16 (Suppl-B), 313-318.
- Bragg RR, Broere JSE, (1986). Streptococcosis in rainbow
trout in South Africa. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol. 6, 89-91.
- Chen SC, Lin YD, Liaw LL, Wang PC, (2001).
Lactococcus garvieae infection in the giant freshwater
prawn Macrobranchium rosenbergii confirmed by polymerase
chain reaction and 16srDNA sequencing. Dis Aquat
Org. 45, 45-52.
- Cagırgan H, (2004). Biotyping of Lactococcus garvieae
isolated from Turkey. E U Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic
Sciences. 21, 267-269.
- Diler Ö, Altun S, Adiloglu AK, Kubilay A, Isıklı B, (2002).
First occurrence of Streptococcosis affecting farmed rainbow
trout in Turkey. Bull Eur Fish Pathol. 22, 21-26.
- Eldar A, Ghittino C, (1999). Lactococcus garvieae
and Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss: similar, but different disease. Dis
Aquat Org. 36, 227-231.
- Elliott JA, Facklam RR, (1996). Antimicrobial susceptibilities
of Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus garvieae and
a proposed method to discriminate between them. J Clin
Microbiol. 34 (5), 1296-1298.
- Kav K, Erganis O, (2008). Antibiotic susceptibility of
Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus
mykiss) farm. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 52, 223-226.
- Kubilay A, Altun S, Uluköy G, Diler Ö, (2005). The determination
of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Lactococcus
garvieae strains. Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 1,
39-48.
- Muzquiz JL, Royo FM, Ortega C, de Blas I, Ruiz I,
Allonso JL, (1999). Patogenicity of Streptococcosis in
rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) dependence on age
of diseased fish. Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol. 19, 114-119.
- Özer S, Bulduklu PS, Dönmez, E, (2008). Streptococcocis
occurence at rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss,
Walbaum) cultivated in province Mersin-Turkey. Journal of
FisheriesScienses.com. 2, 272-283.
- Salati F, Angelucci G, Viale I, Kusuda R, (2005). Immune
response of gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata L., to
Lactococcus garvieae antigens. Bull Eur Ass Fish Pathol.
25, 40-48.
- Türe M, (2012). PFGE Metodu kullanılarak Lactococcus
garvieae’nin genetik çeşitliliğinin ve yayılımının belirlenmesi.
Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü-Trabzon
(TAGEM/HS/10/09/02/179) Proje Sonuç Raporu. 68pp.
- Vela A. I, Vazquez J, Gibello A, Blanco MM, Moreno M,
Liebana P, Albendea C, Alcala B, Mendez A, Dominguez
L, Fernandez-Garayzabal JF, (2000). Phenotypic and
genetic characterization of Lactococcus garvieae isolated
in Spain from Lactocococcosis outbreaks and comparison
with isolates of other countries and sources. J Clin
Microbiol. 38, 3791-3795.
- Vendrell D, Balcazar JL, Ruiz-Zarzuela I, de Blas I,
Girones O, Muzquiz, JL, (2006). Lactococcus garvieae in
fish: A review. Comporative Immunology, Microbiology &
Infectious Diseases. 29, 177-198.
- Wang CY, Shie HS, Chen SC, Huang JP, Hsieh IC, Wen
MS, Lin FC, Wu D, (2007). Lactococcus garvieae infections
in humans: Possible association with aquaculture
outbreaks. Int J Clin Pract. 61, 68-73.
- Zlotkin A, Eldar A, Ghittino C, Bercovier H, (1998).
Identification of Lactococcus garvieae by PCR. J Clin
Microbiol. 36, 983-985.