PHOENİXİN’İN FİZYOPATOLOJİK ETKİLERİ

Phoenixin (PNX), küçük integral membran protein 20’den (Smim20) üretilen yeni keşfedilmiş endojen bir nöropeptittir. En yaygın izoformları PNX-14 ve PNX-20 aminoasit peptitleridir. G proteinine bağlı reseptör 173’ün (GPR173) bir ligandı olan PNX, temel olarak hipotalamus ve hipofiz bezi gibi beyin bölgesinden ve birçok periferal dokudan izole edilmiştir. PNX, gonadotropin salgılayan hormon (GnRH) seviyesini artırarak hipofiz hücrelerinden lüteinize edici hormon (LH) salınımını uyararak üreme işlevinin düzenlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Bununla birlikte, PNX sadece üreme sistemini düzenlemekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda anksiyolitik, anti-inflamatuar ve hücre koruyucu etkiler de gösterir. Ayrıca davranış, gıda alımı, duyusal algı, hafıza, vücut sıvısı dengesi, kardiyovasküler fonksiyonlar ve enerji metabolizmasının düzenlenmesinde birçok işlevi bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme, PNX’in moleküler yapısı, sistemler üzerindeki fizyolojik etki ve işlevleri ile çeşitli hastalıkların patogenezinde ve tedavi süreçlerindeki rolünü anlamada bize yardımcı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Phoenixin, Nöropeptid, GPR173, Smim20

PHYSIOPATHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PHOENIXIN

Phoenixin (PNX) is a newly discovered endogenous neuropeptide produced from small integral membrane protein 20 (Smim20). The most common isoforms are PNX-14 and PNX-20 amino acid peptides. PNX, a ligand of G protein-coupled receptor 173 (GPR173), has been isolated mainly from brain regions such as the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and from many peripheral tissues. PNX plays an important role in the regulation of reproductive function by increasing the level of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary cells. However, PNX not only regulates the reproductive system, but also exerts anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory and cell-protective effects. In addition, it has many functions in the regulation of behavior, food intake, sensory perception, memory, body fluid balance, cardiovascular functions and energy metabolism. This review will help us to understand the molecular structure of PNX, its physiological effects and functions on systems, and its role in the pathogenesis and treatment processes of various diseases.

Keywords:

Phoenixin, Neuropeptide, GPR173, Smim20,

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