Önemli Balık Viruslarına Karşı Revers Genetik Yaklaşımlar

Bu derlemede balıkların önemli RNA viruslarına karşı geliştirilen revers genetik sistemler anlatılmıştır. Balık çift-liklerinde ekonomik kayıplara neden olan hastalıkların çoğu viral etkenlerden kaynaklanmaktadır. Bakteriyel, paraziter ve fungal balık hastalıkları çeşitli kemoterapötikler ile tedavi edilmesine karşın, viral hastalıkların tedavisi yapılamamak-tadır. Teknolojideki gelişmeler ve moleküler çalışmalar viral genoma müdahaleyi mümkün kılmıştır. Viral RNA geno-mundan canlı virus elde edilmesi “revers genetik” olarak isimlendirilmektedir. Revers genetik yöntemlerle viral RNA genomuna müdahale edilmesi, araştırmacılara birçok faydalar sağlamıştır. Revers genetik sistemler infeksiyöz salmon anemi virus (ISA), salmonid alfavirus (SAV), infeksiyöz hematopoetik nekrozis virus (IHNV), viral hemorajik septisemi virus (VHSV), infeksiyöz pankreatik nekrozis virus (IPNV) ve strip cek nervöz nekrozis virus (SJNNV) gibi balık RNA virusları için oluşturulmuştur. Revers genetik sistemlerin keşfi balıklarda patojen RNA virusları için büyük bir buluş ve saha araştırmaları için önemli bir araç olmuştur. Gelecek yıllarda revers genetik konusundaki çalışmaların artacağı ve bilim dünyası için ilgi odağı olacağı tahmin edilmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Balık, revers genetik, RNA virüsü

The Reverse Genetics Assessment of Major Fish Viruses

In this review, the reverse genetics assessment of major fish viruses has been evaluated. The majority of the diseases causing economic losses in fish farms have been viral agents. Bacterial, parasitic and fungal fish disea-ses can be treated via various chemotherapeutics but viral diseases cannot be treated via these. Technological deve-lopments and molecular studies allowed manipulation of the viral genome. The live viruses were recovered from RNA genome. This applications is named as reverse genetics. The ability to manipulate the viral RNA genome trough rever-se genetics methods provided many benefits for researchers. The reverse genetics systems for the several fish RNA viruses were constructed; Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISA), salmonid alphavirus (SAV), infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV), infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and stri-ped jack nervous necrosis virusu (SJNNV). Discovery of the reverse genetics on the pathogen fish RNA viruses have been a breakthrough and an important tool for field researches. In the next years forth, the studies of reverse genetics will increase and it supposes focus of attraction by the world of science.

Keywords:

Fish, reverse genetics, RNA virus,

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