Kayseri Yöresinde Tüketime Sunulan Manda Yoğurtlarında Aflatoksin M1 Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi*

: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kayseri ilinde tüketime sunulan manda yoğurtlarında aflatoksin M1 (AFM1) varlığını incelemektir. Çalışmada, toplam 100 manda yoğurdu örneği incelendi. Örneklerdeki AFM1 düzeylerini belirlemek için Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tekniği kullanıldı. Çalışmada, analiz edilen 100 yoğurt örneğinin tamamında (%100) AFM1 tespit edildi ve 7 (%7) manda yoğurdu örneğinde AFM1 düzeyi Türk Gıda Kodeksinde belirtilen yasal limitlerin üzerinde idi (max, 50 ng/kg). İncelenen örneklerdeki AFM1 düzeyleri 2.70-79.27 ng/kg arasında olduğu ortaya kondu. Örneklerin 36’sının (%36) 2.7-10 ng/kg, 14’ünün (%14) 10-25 ng/kg arasında, 43’ünün (%43) ise 25-50 ng/kg aralığında AFM1 içerdiği belirlendi. Bu çalışma sonucunda, Kayseri ilinde satılan manda yoğurtlarında AFM1 varlığının halk sağlığı için potansiyel bir tehlike olabileceği kanaatine varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Aflatoxin M1, ELISA, Kayseri, manda yoğurdu

Determination of Aflatoxin M1 Level in Water Buffalo Yoghurt Consumed in Kayseri Region

The aim of this study was to examine the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in water buffalo yoghurt samples in Kayseri/Turkey. ELISA test was used to determine Aflatoxin M1 levels of 100 samples collected. Aflatoxin M1 were found in all samples analyzed (100%). Only 7 (7%) of yoghurt samples were found contaminated at levels above the legal limits (50 ng/kg). AFM1 level of the samples were ranging from 2.70 to 79.27 ng/kg. AFM1 was detected in 36 (36%) samples ranging between 2.7 and 10 ng/kg, between 10 and 25 in 14 samples (14%), and between 25 and 50 ng/kg in 43 samples (43%). It is concluded that the presence of AFM1 in water buffalo yoghurt retailed in Kayseri may be regarded as a potential hazard for human health.

Keywords:

Aflatoxin M1, ELISA, Kayseri, water buffalo yoghurt,

PDF

___

1. Akgün A, Yazıcı F. Geleneksel Bafra manda (Kömüş) yoğurdu. Samsun Sempozyumu. 13-16 Ekim, 2011; Samsun-Türkiye.
2. Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Wiseman DW, Marth EH. Aflatoxin: Toxicity to dairy cattle and occurrence in milk and milk products. J Food Protect 1982; 45(8): 752-77.
3. Atasever MA, Atasever A, Ozturan K. Aflatoxin M1 levels in retail yoghurt and ayran in Erzurum in Turkey. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2011; 35(1): 59-62.
4. Bakirci I. A study on theoccurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products produced in Van province in Turkey. Food Control 2001; 12(1): 47-51.
5. Bankole AS, Adebanjo A. Mycotoxins in food in West Africa: current situation and possibilities of controlling it. Afr J Biotech 2003; 2(9): 254-63.
6. Barjesteh MH, Azizi G, Noshfar E. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in pasteurized and local yogurt in Mazandaran province (Northern Iran) using ELISA. Global Veterinaria 2010; 4(5): 459-62.
7. Bata A, Lasztity R. Detoxification of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed by microorganisms. Trends Food Sci Tech 1999; 10(6): 223-8.
8. Bbosa GS, Kitya D, Odda J, Ogwal-Okeng J. Aflatoxins metabolism, effects on epigenetic mechanisms and their role in carcinogenesis. Health 2013; 5(10A): 14-34.
9. Bennett JW, Klich M. Mycotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev 2003; 16: 497-516.
10. Coulombe AR. Biological action of mycotoxins. J Dairy Sci 1993; 76: 880-91.
11. Doyle MP, Applebaum RS, Brackett RE, Marth EH. Physical, chemical and biological degradation of mycotoxins in foods and agricultural commodities. J Food Protect 1982; 45(10): 964-71.
12. D’Mello JPF, McDonald AMC, Postel D, Dijksma WTP, Dujardin A, Placinta CM. Pesticide use and mycotoxin production in Fusarium and Aspergillus phytopathogenes. Eur J Plant Pathol 1998; 104(8): 741-51.
13. El Deeb, SA, Zaki N, Shoukry YMR, Kheadr EE. Effect of some technological processes on stability and distribution of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Egypt J Food Sci 1992; 20: 29-42.
14. Ertaş N, Gönülalan Z, Yıldırım Y, Karadal F. A Survey of concentration of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Turkey. Food Control 2011; 22(12): 1956-9.
15. Galvano F, Galofaro V, De Angelis A, Galvano M, Bognanno M, Galvano G. Survey of the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products marketed in Italy. J Food Protect 1998; 61(6): 738-41.
16. Galvano F, Galofaro V, Galvano G. Occurrence and stability of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products: a world wide review. J Food Protect 1996; 59: 1079-90.
17. Gurbay AS, Engin AB, Çaglayan A, Sahin G. Aflatoxin M1 levels in commonly consumed cheese and yoghurt samples in Ankara, Turkey. Ecol Food Nutr 2006; 45(6): 449-59.
18. Govaris A, Roussi V, Koudis PA, Botsoglou NA. Distribution andstability ofaflatoxin M1 during production and storage of yoghurt. Food Addit Contam 2002; 19(11): 1043-50.
19. Helica Biosystems Inc. Aflatoxin M1Assay. Fort he quantitative determination of Aflatoxin Concentration in milk. Catalog No:961AFLM01M-96. 1527 W Alton Ave. Santa Ana, CA, 92704, USA, 2013.
20. Herdem A. Farklı yörelerden toplanan geleneksel yöntemle üretilen yoğurt örneklerinin bazı niteliklerinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniv. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Konya-Türkiye, 2006.
21. Kim EK, Shon DH, Ryu D, Park JW, Hwang HJ, Kim YB. Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in Korean dairy products determined by ELISA and HPLC. Food Addit Contam 2000; 17(1): 59-64.
22. Martins ML, Martins HM. Aflatoxin M1 in yoghurts in Portugal. Int J Food Microbiol 2004; 91(3): 315-7.
23. Ruadrew S, Craft J, Aidoo K. Occurrence of toxigenic Aspergillusspp. and aflatoxins in selected food commodities of Asian origin sourced in the West of Scotland. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55: 653-8.
24. Sabuncuoğlu SA, Baydar T, Giray B, Şahin G. Mycotoxins: Toxic effects, degradations, prevention of the occurrence, and decreasing of the harmful effects. Hacettepe Üniv Ecz Fak Derg 2008; 28(1): 63-92.
25. Sarıözkan S. Türkiye’de manda yetiştiriciliğinin önemi. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak Derg 2011; 17(1): 163-6.
26. Siddappa V, Nanjegowda DK, Viswanath P. Occurrence of aflatoxin M(1) in some samples of UHT, raw&pasteurized milk from Indian states of Karnataka and Tamilnadu. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50(11): 4158-62.
27. Sidhu OP, Chandra H, Behl HM. Occurrence of aflatoxins in mahua (Madhuca indica Gmel.) seeds: synergistic effect of plant extracts on inhibition of Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production. Food and Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(4): 774-7.
28. Steyn PS, Stander MA. Mycotoxins with special reference to the carcinogenic mycotoxins: Aflatoxins, ochratoxins and fumonisins. Ballantyne B, Marrs TC, Syversen TLM, eds. In: General and Applied Toxicology. Second Edition. United Kingdom: Macmillan Reference Ltd, 1999; pp. 2145-76.
29. Şireli T, Özdemir H. Ankara’da tüketime sunulan meyveli yoğurtların mikrobiyolojik kalitesi. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 1998; 45: 287-93.
30. Tunail N. Mikrobiyel Enfeksiyonlar ve intoksikasyonlar, Gıda Mikrobiyolojisi ve Uygulamaları. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayını, Ankara. Genişletilmiş İkinci baskı, 2000; s. 522.
31. Türk Gıda Kodeksi (TGK). Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Yönetmeliği. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm. Erişim tarihi: 14.04.2014.
32. Wogan NG, Hecht SS, Felton SJ, Conney HA, Loeb AL. Environmental and chemical carcinogenesis. Sem Cancer Biol 2004; 14(6): 473-86.