Yaşar SALİHPAŞAOĞLU, Özgem Tuğçe GÜMÜŞ BOYACI

BİR MODERN DEVLET VE EGEMENLİK MİTİ: WESTPHALİA BARIŞI

Orta Avrupa’da Katolikler ve Protestanlar arasında din temelli olarak başlayıp uzun yıllar devam eden ve bu coğrafyada büyük bir yıkıma neden olan Otuz Yıl Savaşları 1648 yılında Westphalia Barışı ile sona ermiştir. Daha sonra kendisine özel bir anlam yüklenen bu barış, modern devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ve egemen devletlerin eşitliği ilkesine dayanan yeni bir uluslararası düzenin kuruluşuyla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Büyük oranda kabul gören bu yaklaşım son yıllarda “mit” olarak değerlendirilerek tartışılmaya başlanmıştır. Fransa, İsveç ve Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu arasında yapılan bir barışa böyle bir anlamın yüklenmesinin yanıltıcı olduğu, bunun antlaşma metinleri tarafından doğrulanmadığı, tarihsel gerçeklerle örtüşmediği ve modern devletin ortaya çıkışını bir “an”a indirgeyerek, uzun bir “sürecin” ürünü olduğu gerçeğini görmezden geldiği ileri sürülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Protestan Reformu, Otuz Yıl Savaşları, Westphalia Barışı, Egemenlik, Modern Devlet

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