Bir Rüzgâr Türbinine ait Kanat Hatve Açısının AHA Tabanlı PID Tipi Denetleyiciler ile Optimal Kontrolü

Bu çalışmada, bir rüzgâr türbinine ait kanat hatve açısı zamanla değişen rüzgâr hızı varlığında kontrol edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Böylece rüzgâr türbin sisteminin çıkış gücünün nominal çıkış gücünde tutulması ve oluşabilecek zararlardan sistemin korunması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla PD (oransal-türevsel), PI (oransal-integral) ve PID (oransal-türevsel-integral) denetleyici yapıları kullanılmıştır. Denetleyicilere ait parametreler literatürde oldukça yeni olan metasezgisel optimizasyon algoritması olan yapay sinek kuşu algoritması (Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm-AHA) ile optimize edilmiştir. Her üç denetleyiciye ait parametrelerin optimizasyonu için 30 bağımsız yürütme gerçekleştirilmiş ve bu yürütmelere ait istatistiksel veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Rüzgâr türbininin modellenmesi, optimizasyonu ve kontrol çalışmaları Matlab/Simulink’te gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen standart sapma değerleri karşılaştırıldığında optimizasyon süreci boyunca AHA tabanlı PID denetleyicinin (AHA-PID) daha kararlı ve gürbüz sonuçlar ürettiği görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, rüzgâr türbini çıkış gücünün nominal seviyesi için geçiş cevabı açısından AHA tabanlı PD denetleyici (AHA-PD) daha hızlı ve daha başarılıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Rüzgâr türbini, PID tipi denetleyiciler, Kanat hatve açısı, Optimal kontrol

Optimal Control of Blade Pitch Angle of a Wind Turbine with AHA Based PID Type Controllers

In this study, the blade pitch angle of a wind turbine was tried to be controlled in the presence of time-varying wind speed. Thus, it is aimed to maintain the output power of the wind turbine system at its nominal output power and to protect the system from potential damages. For this purpose, PD (proportional-derivative), PI (proportional-integral) and PID (proportional-derivative-integral) controller structures were used. The parameters of the controllers are optimized with the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA), which is a brand-new metaheuristic optimization algorithm in the literature. 30 independent runs were performed for the optimization process and the statistical data of these runs were evaluated. Modeling, optimization, and control studies of the wind turbine were carried out in Matlab/Simulink. When the obtained standard deviation values are compared, it is seen that the AHA-based PID controller (AHA-PID) produces more stable and robust results during the optimization process. According to the obtained results, the AHA-based PD controller (AHA-PD) is faster and more successful in terms of transient response for the nominal level of wind turbine output power.

Keywords:

Wind turbine, PID type controllers, Blade pitch angle, Optimal control,

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