Zorunlu ve Doğal Havalandırma Koşulları Altında Altlık Üzeri Yetiştiricilik Yapılan Kasaplık Piliç Kümeslerinde Kütle Dengesi Eşitliği Kullanılarak Amonyak Gazı Üretim Seviyelerinin Tahmin Edilmesi

Hayvan barınaklarındaki ana kirleticilerden biri de amonyak gazıdır. Bir sera gazı olarak hayvan barınaklarından çıkan amonyak emisyonu atmosferik ortamı etkiler ve bu da küresel ısınmayı tetikler. Hayvan barınağı içindeki amonyak gazı üretim hızını tahmin etmek için bir hesaplama yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu yöntem kütle dengesi eşitliğine dayanmaktadır. İç ve dış ortam koşulları ile amonyak konsantrasyonları arasındaki ilişkiler gözlemlenmiştir. Geliştirilen denklemin doğrulanması altlık üzerinde kasaplık piliç yetiştiriciliği yapılan ve kümes içerisinde doğal ve zorlamalı havalandırma koşulları altında test edilmiştir. Kasaplık piliç kümes içi amonyak üretim hızı fanlarla yapılan havalandırma koşullarında 7.98 mg.s-1, doğal havalandırma koşullarında ise 26.63 mg.s-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen yaklaşım, çiftçiler için, ziraat veya çevre mühendisleri ve akıllı tarım teknolojileri için faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Amonyak, kasaplık piliç, matematiksel model, kütle dengesi, emisyon

Prediction of Ammonia Production Levels in Broiler Houses by Mass Balance under Forced and Natural Ventilation Conditions

One of the main contaminant in animal houses is ammonia. As being a greenhouse gas ammonia emission from animal houses influence the atmospheric environment which then triggers global warming. A calculation method for predicting gas production of ammonia rate inside an animal house is developed. This method is based on mass balance equilibrium. Relations between inside and outside environmental conditions and the ammonia concentrations has been observed. Confirmation of the developed equation has been tested in some selected broiler houses raised on litter and under natural and forced ventilation conditions. Production of ammonia rate inside the broiler house was calculated as 7.98 mg.s-1 under forced ventilation, and it was 26.63 mg.s-1 under natural ventilation conditions. The developed approach can be useful to farmers, agricultural or environmental engineers and for the smart agriculture technologies.

Keywords:

Ammonia, broiler, mathematical model, mass balance, emission,

PDF

___

Astuti, S. M., Mimi Sakinah A.M., Retno Andayani B.M., & Awalludin R. (2011). Determination of saponin compound from (Anredera cordifolia (Ten). Steenis.) Plant (Binahong) to Potential Treatment for Several Diseases. J. Agric. Sci. 3(4) 224-232.
Backer, C.A., & van de Brink, B. (1963). Flora of Java, N.V.P. Noordhoff, Groningen, The Netherlands, 1(3):191-238.
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITTRO), (2006). Rencana dan strategis Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik 2006-2009. Bogor, Indonesia (In Indonesian Language).
BPOM RI-Direktorat Obat Asli Indonesia (2008). Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis. http://perpustakaan.pom.go.id/ebook/Taksonomi%20Koleksi%20Tanaman %20Obat%20Kebun%20Tanaman%20Obat%20Citeureup/Anredera%20cordifolia%C2%A0%C2%A0(Ten.)%20Steenis.pdf (Accession date: 21 03. 2023).
Feriyani, F., Darmawi, D., Balqis, U., Lubis, R.R. (2020). The Analysis of Binahong Leaves Potential (Anredera cordifolia) as an Alternative Treatment of Anticataractogenesis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 20 (8): 8 (B):820-824. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4849
Fidrianny, I., Wirasutisna, K.R., & Amanda, P. (2013) Senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etil asetat daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) dari babakan ciparay, Bandung Selatan, Indonesia. Acta Pharm. Indonesia. 2013;38(1):26-30. https://doi. org/10.32382/mf.v15i2.1127
Goleniowski, M., Bonfill, M., Cusido, R., Palazón, J. (2013). Phenolic Acids. In: Ramawat, K., Mérillon, JM. (eds) Natural Products. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22144-6_64
Hanafiah, O.A., Hanafiah, D.S., Bayu, E.S., Abidin, T., Ilyas S., Nainggolan M. & Syamsudin, E. (2017). Quantity differences of secondary metabolites (saponins, tannins and flavonoids) from Binahong plant extract (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) treated and untreated with Colchicines that play a role in wound healing. World J. Dent., 8: 296-
Manoi, F. (2009). Binahong Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis. Sebagai Obat. J. Warta Penelit. Pengemb. Tan. Industri. 15(1):3-5. (In Indonesia Language).
Miladiyah, I., & Prabowo, B. R. (2012). Ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves improved wound healing in guinea pigs. Universa Medicina, 31(1): 4-11.
Octavia, D.R. (2009), Uji Aktivitas Penangkap Radikal Ekstrak Petroleum Eter, Etil Asetat, dan Etanol Daun Binahong Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steenis. dengan Metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil), skripsi sarjana, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Surakarta, 3-21. (In Indonesia Language).
PIER. (Pasific Island Ecosystem at Risk). (2000). Insasive Plant Species: Anradera cordifolia. Available: http://www.hear.org/pier/ancor.htm (Acceses date: October 21, 2021).
PROSEA.(2003). Plant Resources of South-East Asia : Medicinal and Poisonous Plant 3. In de Padua, L.S., Bunyapraphatsara and Lemmens, R.H.M.J (Eds.). PROSEA Indonesia. Bogor. 2 (15):128-133.
Rooban, B.N., Sasikala, V., Devi, V.G., Sahasranamam, V., Abraham, A., (2012) Prevention of selenite induced oxidative stress and cataractogenesis by luteolin isolated from Vitex negundo. Chem. Biol. Interact. 196 (1-2):30-8.
Sukrama, D.M, Wihandani D.M. & Manuaba, A.P. (2016). Topical Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) leaf extract increases interleukin-6 and VEGF during burn wound healing in Wistar rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biol. Med., Vol. 9.
Takahashi, M., Asikin Y., Takara K. & Wada, K. (2012). Screening of medicinal and edible plants in Okinawa, Japan, for enhanced proliferative and collagen synthesis activities in NB1RGB human skin fibroblast cells. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 76: 2317-2320.
Tjitrosoepomo, G. (1999). Morfologi Tumbuhan. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. pp 218-251 (In Indonesia Language).
Tshikalange, T.E., Meyer J.J.M., & Husein, A.A. (2005). Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and the isolation of a bioactive compound from plants used to treat sexually transmitted diseases. J. Ethno pharmacol. 96:515-519.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R., & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai’i. 2 Vols. Bishop Museum Special Publication 83.
Wang, T., Zhang, P., Zhao, C., Zhang, Y., Liu, H., Hu, L., Gao, X, Zhang, D. (2011). Prevention effect in selenite-induced cataract in vivo and antioxidative effects in vitro of Crataegus pinnatifida leaves. Biol. Trace. Elem. Res. 2011;142(1):106-16.
Winarsi, H., (2011). Antioksidan Alami dan Radikal Bebas, Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta, 15(21): 79-82. (In Indonesia Language).
Yang, R., Y, Lin, S., Kuo, G. Content and distribution of flavonoids among 91 edible plant species. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17 Suppl 1:275-9. PMID: 18296355.
Yuziani, Y., Harahap U. & Karsono, K. (2014). Evaluation of analgesic activities of ethanolic extract of Anredera cordifolia (Ten) steenis leaf. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res., 6: 1608-1610.