TÜRKİYE’DE İŞSİZLİĞİN MİKRO VERİ İLE FARKLI TANIMLAR ALTINDA, CİNSİYET AYIRIMINA GÖRE ANALİZİ

İşsizlik üzerine literatürde yapılan çok sayıda teorik ve uygulamalı çalışma bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi 2006 yılı ham verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’de işsizliğin cinsiyet ayrımı bağlamında belirleyenleri üç farklı işsizlik tanımı altında araştırılmıştır. Uygulamada örnek seçim yanlılığını ortadan kaldırmak için kullanılan Heckman (1979)’a ait iki aşamalı tahmin yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulgularına bakıldığında, kadınların işsiz kalma olasılığı erkeklere oranla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Kentsel alanda yaşayanlar genel olarak daha az olasılıkla işsiz kalmaktadırlar. Herhangi bir okuldan mezun olmayanlara göre, eğitim düzeyindeki artış erkekler için işsiz kalma olasılığını azaltırken, kadınlar da durum tam tersidir. Ayrıca yaş ile işsiz kalma olasılığı arasında hem erkekler hem de kadınlar için Ters U ilişkisi bulunmuştur. Son olarak ise, Hanehalkı reisi olmak ve evlilik işsiz kalma olasılığını azaltmaktadır.

AN EXAMINATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT BY GENDER IN TURKEY USING INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DATA UNDER ALTERNATIVE DEFINITIONS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

In the literature there have been a large number theoretical and empirical studies on unemployment. In this study we use individual level data obtained from Household Labor Force Survey data of 2006 to examine the determinants of incidence of unemployment in Turkey. We use three alternative definitions of unemployment. We employ Heckman’s two step approach which tackles the sample selection problem. We find that the likelihood of being unemployed is large for women than that for men when the labor force participation is taken into account. Living in urban areas seems to decrease the probability of being unemployed. Increases in the education level seems to decline the likelihood of being unemployed for males while the reverse is true for females. There is an inverse-U shaped relation between age and the probability of being unemployed. Finally, being head of household decreases the likelihood of being unemployed.

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