Tam İstihdam ve Fiyat İstikrarı Kapsamında Neo-Liberal Yaklaşımlara Post-Keynesyen Karşı Duruşlar: Devletin Nihai İşveren Olma Rolü
Bu çalışma, devletin nihai işveren olma rolü (DNİOR) üzerindeki yazını ela almakta ve bazı ülke uygulamalarını tartışmaktadır. DNİOR, işi olmayan ve iş arayan herkese istihdam olanağı sağlamaktadır. DNİOR, temelde tam istihdam ile fiyat istikrarını birlikte sağlayan mekanizmalar sunmaktadır. Son yıllarda devletin nihai borç veren rolünü tartışan çok sayıda çalışma vardır. Post-keynesyenler, DNİOR’un teorik ve uygulanabilirliğini tartışmaktadır. Post Keynesyenler, DNİOR’u savunurken fonksiyonel maliye (Lerner 1943) ve devlet parası (Knapp 1924) argümanlarına dayanmaktadır. DNİOR nedeniyle bütçe açığı devletin vergi koyması ve para basmasıyla karşılanacaktır. Post-keynesyenler egemen bir ulus için DNİOR programının finansmanının sorun olmayacağını ileri sürmektedirler. Post-keynesyenler DNİOR’un gelişmekte olan ülkelerde uygulanabileceğini savunmaktadırlar. Arjantin’de Jefes Planı ve Hindistan’daki Maharashtra İstihdam Garanti Planı deneyimleri şunu göstermektedir:Politik destek sağlanır ve uygun kurumsal yapı geliştirilir ise DNİOR’un çalışması için hiçbir engel yoktur. Ayrıca DNİOR’un maliyeti oldukça düşüktür.Bu çalışma, devletin nihai işveren olma rolünü istihdam yaratma stratejinin önemli bir unsuru olarak dikkate almaktadır.
Post Keynesian Response Against Neoliberal Policies in Full Employment and Price Stability Context: Employer Of Last Resort (ELR)
This paper provides a survey of Employer of Last Resort (ELR) and discusses ELR experiences in some countries. ELR offers employment to anyone who seks work but would otherwise be without a job. ELR generates mechanisms for combining full employment and price stability. In the past few years there have been a number critical assessments of ELR. Post Keynesians sought to provide a theoretical and practical discussion of the ELR. It supports the notions of function finance (Lerner 1943) and state theory of money (Knapp 1924) for ELR. Budget deficit for the ELR is financed by goverment taxation and printing money.Post Keynesians argue that for a sovereign nation, there is no question of the financial affordability of an ELR program. Post Keynesian approach always argues that ELR can work for developing countries. Experiences in Argentina’s Jefes programme and India’s Employment Guarantee Scheme support that the ELR can work if political support continues and strong institutional infrastructure is created. Moreover the ELR budgetary costs are very low. This paper examined the ELR program as an important camponent of a strategy of employment creation.
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- ISSN: 1300-1868
- Yayın Aralığı: 3
- Yayıncı: Ekonomik Yaklaşım Derneği
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