HAZAR DENİZİ’NİN HUKUKİ STATÜSÜ: İRAN’IN PERSPEKTİFİ

Hazar Denizi, zengin petrol ve doğalgaz kaynakları nedeniyle dünyanın stratejik bölgelerinden birisidir. Hazar Denizi’nin mineral kaynakları, yalnızca kıyı devletlerinden değil, aynı zamanda enerji kaynaklarına olan ihtiyaçları her geçen gün artan Avrupa, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Hindistan ve Çin’in ilgisini çekmektedir. Sovyetler Birliği’nin 1991’de dağılmasına kadar, Hazar Denizi’nin kullanımı Sovyet- İran anlaşmalarıyla belirlenmekteydi ancak o zamandan beri denizin kullanımı ve sınırlandırılması hususlarında yüzyıllardır devam eden bir ikilem ortaya çıkmıştır. 50 özel çalışma grubu toplantısı ve beş zirve dahil 22 yıllık yapısal müzakerelerin ardından beş kıyıdaş devlet arasında 12 Ağustos 2018 tarihinde Aktau’da Hazar Denizi’nin Hukuki Statüsü Konvansiyonu imzalanmıştır. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, tarihi arkaplan ile birlikte Hazar ‘ın hukuki statüsünün belirlemesi için girişimlerde bulunulan jeopolitik ortamı Iran’ın perspektifinden ana hatlarıyla belirlemeyi ve Hazar’ın nihai statüsünün belirlendiği Aktau zirvesini İran’a etkileri açısından değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

THE LEGAL STATUS OF THE CASPIAN SEA: AN IRANIAN PERSPECTIVE*

The Caspian Sea is one of the strategic regions in the world due to its vast oil and natural gas resources. The mineral wealth of the Caspian Sea attract the most attention, not only from the littoral states but also especially from Europe, the United States, India and China, whose energy needs continue to rise day by day. Until the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Soviet-Iran treaties governed the exploitation of the Caspian Sea, but since then, a longstanding dilemma in utilization and delimitation occurred. After 22 years of discussions involving 5 summits and 50 special working group meetings, the Caspian littoral states (Iran, Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Azerbaijan) settled the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea on 12 August 2018 in Aktau. In this regard, this paper aims to outline the views and the efforts of Iran to develop a legal regime for the Sea and to evaluate the decisions of the Aktau summit with regard to its effects on Iran.

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Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi-Cover

ISSN: 1306-2174
Yayın Aralığı: Yılda 2 Sayı
Başlangıç: 2005
Yayıncı: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi