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Yaratıcı Yıkım Teorisi Çerçevesinde Avrupa Birliği’nde Yenilik: 2008 Küresel Krizi Sonrasına Bir Bakış

Ekonomik gelişme için yenilikler hayati önem taşımaktadır. Yenilik faaliyetlerine ünlü iktisat düşünürü Schumpeter dikkati çekerek, kapitalizmin yenilikler yolu ile kalkınmayı gerçekleştiren bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ortaya koyan ilk düşünür olmuştur. 2000’li yıllar ile birlikte Avrupa Birliği Schumpeteryan bir yaklaşım benimseyerek Lizbon stratejisini kabul etmiş, ancak strateji çeşitli nedenlerle başarılı olamamıştır. Bu bağlamda Schumpeteryan “yaratıcı yıkım” teorisi Avrupa Birliği’nde yenilik faaliyetlerini değerlendirmek için oldukça uygundur. Çalışmanın temel amacı; Schumpeter tarafından ortaya konulan “yaratıcı yıkım” teorisi bağlamında Avrupa Birliği’ndeki yenilik faaliyetlerinin, araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları, işletme araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları ve patent başvuru sayıları ile analiz edilmesidir. Bu bağlamda Eurostat’tan elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda 2008 ile 2018 yılları arasında Avrupa Birliği’nin Schumpeteryan yenilik kapasitesinin gösterilmesine gayret edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Avrupa Birliği’nde yenilik faaliyetlerinin yaratıcı yıkım etkisini tam olarak gerçekleştiremediği ve AB üyesi ülkelerde iktisadi yapılar bakımından ciddi bir doku uyuşmazlığı olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Schumpeter, Yaratıcı Yıkım, Yenilik, Girişimcilik, Avrupa Birliği

Innovation in The European Union Within The Framework of The Theory of Creative Destruction: An Overview After The Global Financial Crisis 2008

Innovations are vital for economic development. Schumpeter, the famous economic theorist who drew attention to the innovation activities, was the first to reveal that capitalism has a structure that realizes development through innovations. Along with the 2000s, the European Union adopted a Schumpeterian approach and launched the Lisbon Strategy, however, this strategy has not been successful for various reasons. In this context, the Schumpeterian theory of “creative destruction” is well suited for evaluating innovation activities in the European Union. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the innovation activities in the European Union through research and development expenditures, business research and development expenditures, and the numbers of patent applications in the context of the theory of “creative destruction” put forward by Schumpeter. In this context, it was tried to reveal the Schumpeterian innovation capacity of the European Union between 2008 and 2018 in line with the data obtained from Eurostat. As a result of the study, it was concluded that innovation activities in the European Union could not fully realize the creative destruction effect and that there is a serious texture incompatibility in terms of economic structures within the EU member countries.

Keywords:

Schumpeter, Creative Destruction, Innovation, Entrepreneurship, European Union,

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