The Morphological Diversity and Fruit Characterization of Turkish Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Populations
The Morphological Diversity and Fruit Characterization of Turkish Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Populations
Turkey is one of the most important countries in the world for plant genetic resources and genetic diversity. Genetic
resources are characterized by morphological and agronomical traits. There is a need to collect, characterize and evaluate
remnants of local populations before they disappear. Morphological characterization is the first stage of the identification
and classification of genetic resources. In this study, the aim was to determine the similarities and differences in the
morphological variations of the eggplant populations collected from different eco-geographical regions of Turkey. Seventy
five populations of eggplant were characterized using standard morphological descriptors specified by the IBPGR. The
phenotypic diversity in their fruit characters was also assessed. Cluster and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was
performed to determine the relationships among these accessions and to obtain information on the fruit characteristics
for the definition of groups. The principal component analysis showed that the first four principal component axes
explained 71.38% of the total multivariate variation. The results demonstrated many differences in fruit traits in the
detailed eggplant populations. Clustered into nine groups, a dendrogram was prepared to evaluate the morphological
differences among the populations. It revealed a high degree of variation. The results provided information on the
diversity, and this identified eggplant genetic resources to be evaluated for the development of new candidate varieties
in future breeding activities.
___
- Balkaya A and Karaagac O (2005). Vegetable genetic
resources of Turkey. Journal of Vegetable
Science, 11(4): 81-102.
Balkaya A, Yanmaz R and Ozbakir M (2009).
Evaluation of variation in seed characters in
Turkish winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.)
populations. New Zealand Journal of Crop and
Horticultural Science, 37(3): 167-178.
Balkaya A, Ozbakir M and Kurtar E (2010). The
phenotypic and fruit characterization of winter
squash (Cucurbita maxima) populations from
44
bitki ıslahçıları alt birliği
www.bisab.org.tr
Ekin Journal
the Black Sea region of Turkey. African Journal
of Biotechnogy, 9(2): 152-162.
Boyaci F, Unlu A and Abak K (2010). Screening for
resistance to fusarium wilt of some cultivated
eggplants and wild Solanum accessions. 28th
International Horticultural Congress, 22-27
August, 935, pp. 23-27.
D’Anna F and Sabatino L (2013). Morphological and
agronomical characterization of eggplant genetic
resources from the Sicily area. Journal of Food,
Agriculture & Environment, 11(1): 401-404.
Daunay MC, Lester RN, Gebhardt C, Hennart W,
Jahn M and Doganlar S (2001). Genetic resources
of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and allied
species: a new challenge for molecular geneticists
and eggplant breeders. Nijmegen University
Press, Nijmegan, Netherlands pp. 251-274.
Filiz N and Ozçalabi R (1992). Determination of
phenological, morphological and pomological
characteristics of some aubergine cultivars (in
Turkish). I Turkish Horticulture Congress, 13-16
October, Izmir, Turkey.
Hornokova O, Zavodna M, Zakova M, Kraic J, Debre
F (2003). Diversity of common bean landraces
collected in the western and eastern Carpatien.
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 39: 73-83.
Jeffers JNR (1967). Two cases studies in the application
of principal component analysis. Appl. Stat. 16:
225-236.
Karim MR, Rahman MM and Quamruzzaman AKM
(2016). Genetic divergence in eggplant (Solanum
melongena L.) genotypes. Bangladesh Journal
Agril. Res. 41(3): 433-439.
Kashyap V, Kumar SV, Collonnier C, Fusari F, Haicour
R, Rotino GL, Sihachakr D and Rajam MV
(2003). Biotechnology of eggplant. Scientia
Horticulturae, 97: 1-25.
Kumar SR, Arumugam T and Anandakumar CR (2013).
Genetic diversity in eggplant. Plant Gene and
Trait, 4(2): 4-8.
Küçük SA (2003). Solanaceae genetic resources
activities in Turkey. National Collections.
Solanaceae Genetic Resources in Europe. Report
of two meetings 21 September 2001, Nijmegen,
The Netherlands. 22 May 2003, Skierniwice,
Poland.
La Malfa G (1990). Scienza e tecniche delle produzioni
vegetali. Orticoltura pp. 793-811.
Pirinç V (1999). Şanlıurfa yerel patlıcan populasyonlarının
kendilenmiş hatlarıyla karşılaştırılması
üzerine bir araştırma. Harran Üniversitesi Fen
Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim Dalı,
Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 82 s. (In Turkish)
Prohens J, Blanca JM and Nuez F (2005).
Morphological and molecular variation in a
collection of eggplants from a secondary centre
of diversity: Implications for conservation and
breeding. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science, 130(1): 54-63.
Quamruzzaman AKM, Rashid MA, Ahmed S and
Moniruzzzaman M (2009). Genetic divergence
analysis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.).
Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4): 705-712.
Schippmann U, Leaman DJ and Cunningham AB
(2002). Impact of cultivation and gathering of
medicinal plants on biodiversity: Global trend
sand issues. Biodiversity and the Ecosystem
approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries,
FAO, Rome, 21 p.
Smith JSC and Smith OS (1989). The description and
assessment of distances between inbred lines of
maize: the utility of morphological, biochemical
and genetic descriptors and a scheme for the
testing of distinctiveness between inbred lines.
Maydica, 34: 151-161.
Topcu V (2014). Kendileme yoluyla saflaştırılmış
bazı patlıcan hatlarının morfolojik ve moleküler
karakterizasyonu. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bahçe Bitkileri Anabilim
Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 82 s. (In Turkish)
TUIK (2016). Turkish Statistical Institute Statistical
Data (Accessed on 10.06.2017).
Tümbilen Y (2007). Determination of genetic diversity
between eggplant and its wild relatives. Master
Thesis. The Graduate School of Engineering
and Sciences of İzmir Institute of Technology,
Molecular Biology and Genetics, 76 p.
Tümbilen Y, Frary A, Mutlu S and Doganlar S
(2011). Genetic diversity in Turkish eggplant
(Solanum melongena) varieties as determined
by morphological and molecular analyses.
International Research Journal of Biotechnology,
2(1): 16-25.
Zewdie Y and Zeven AC (1997). Variation in
Yugoslavian hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
accessions. Euphytica, 97: 81-89.