Yaprak lahana (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Yapraklarının Fitokimyasal İçeriği ve Antioksidan Aktivitenin Mevsimsel Değişimi

Yaprak lahana (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), antioksidan ve fitokimyasal özellikleri ile birçok kanser türünün ve kalp hastalığı riskinin azaltılmasına yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir Akdeniz bitkisi olmasına rağmen Karadeniz bölgesine has olarak bilinen yaprak lahananın yapraklarındaki doğal glukozinolat, toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerik, antioksidan aktivite ve yaprak ekstraktlarının yağ içeriği incelenmiştir. Kahramanmaraş koşullarında yetiştirilen yaprak lahana yaprakları 28 Kasım 2014’den başlayarak 24 Mart 2015’e kadar iki hafta aralıklarla toplanmış, liyofilizatörde kurutulmuş ve metanol ile ekstrakte edilmiştir. HPLC analizleri sonucunda bitkide doğal glukozinolatlardan sinigrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, glukonapin, glukoerusin, glukobrassisin olmak üzere altı farklı glukozinolat farklı miktarlarda belirlenmiştir. Yaprak lahana yapraklarından elde edilen yağda yapılan GC-MS analizi sonucunda 33 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiş, bu yağ asitleri içinden en yüksek oranda bulunanları sırasıyla trikosanoik asit (%28.25), cis-11-eikosanoik asit (%24.01), linoleik asit (%10.13), palmitik asit (%9.35) ve bütirik asit (%7.76) olmuştur. Yaprak lahana yapraklarının antioksidan kapasitesi Ocak ayının sonuna kadar artmış, daha sonra düşüşe geçmiştir. Bu tarihlerdeki sıcaklıklar ise Ocak ayına kadar düşmüş, bu aydan sonra yükselmeye başlamıştır. Bu tarihler arasında toplanan kurutulmuş bitki yapraklarının toplam fenolik madde değeri 7.32-11.63 mg GAE g-1, toplam flavonoid miktarı 2.01-3.96 µg QE g-1, FRAP değeri 13.43-29-77 µg AAE g-1 ve DPPH %’ın IC50 değeri 1.31-1.91 mg dw g-1 arasında bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, glukozinolat, yağ asitleri, fitokimyasal, antioksidan aktivite, mevsimsel değişim

Phytochemical Content of the Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) Leaves and Seasonal Variation of Antioxidant Activity

Kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala), with its antioxidant and phytochemical properties, helps reduce the risk of many cancers and heart disease. In this study, the natural (intact) glucosinolate, total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and fat content of leaf extracts of kale leaves, which is known to be unique to the Black Sea while is a Mediterranian plant, were investigated. Kale was grown in the conditions of Kahramanmaras and Kale leaves collected at two weeks intervals from November 28, 2014 until March 24, 2015. The leaves were dried on a lyophilizer and extracted with methanol. As a result of HPLC analysis, six different natural glucosinolates were determined in different amounts, namely sinigrin, progoitrin, epiprogoitrin, gluconapine, glucoerusin and glucocorticin. As a result of GC-MS analysis of the oil obtained from the Kale extracts, 33 different fatty acids were identified. The highest contents of these fatty acids were trichosanoic acid (28.25%), cis-11-eicosanoic acid (24.01%), linoleic acid (10.13%), palmitic acid (9.35%) and butyric acid (7.76%). The antioxidant capacity of Kale leaves increased until the end of January and then decreased. Temperature on these dates has fallen until January, after January temperature has begun to rise. Total phenolics value of plant leaves collected between these dates was 7.32-11.63 mg g-1, total flavonoid amount 2.01-3.96 μg g-1, FRAP value 13.43-29-77 μg g-1 and DPPH value 1.31-1.91 mg g-1.

Keywords:

Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, glucosinolate, fatty acids, phytochemical, antioxidant activity, seasonal variation,

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