Farklı gelişme dönemlerinde uygulanan su kısıntılarının brokkolinin vitamin içeriğine etkileri

Araştırma, brokoli taçlarında farklı su kısıntılarında yüksek basınçlı likit kromotografi (HPLC) metoduyla L-askorbik asit (vitamin C), retinol (vitamin A) ve α-tokoferol (vitamin E) miktarlarındaki değişimlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2010 yılında yürütülmüştür. Maraton brokkoli çeşidi kullanılarak kontrol (%100) ile birlikte 5 farklı su kısıntısı (%80, %60, %40 ve %20) bitkinin 3 değişik gelişme döneminde (erken vegetatif, geç vegetatif ve çiçeklenme dönemi) uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre su kısıntısı uygulamaları ile birlikte brokkoli taçlarında meydana gelen L-askorbik asit (vitamin C), Retinol (vitamin A) ve α-tokoferol (vitamin E) miktarlarında farklı gelişme dönemlerine göre değişimlerin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Impacts of deficit irrigaton applied at different growth stages on vitamin contents of broccoli

This research was conducted in order to determine the impacts of deficit irrigation applied at different growth stages on some vitamin contents of broccoli during 2010 growing season. Variations in L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) contents were determined by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Maraton Broccoli was grown as the plant material of the study and 5 different water deficit levels (80, 60, 40, 20%, and a control treatment with 100%) were applied during 3 different growth stages (early vegetative, late vegetative and flowering periods) of broccoli plants. Results revealed significant variations in L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) contents of broccoli heads with deficit irrigation applications at different growth stages. Results revealed significant variations in L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C), retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) contents of broccoli heads with deficit irrigation applications at different growth stages.

PDF

___

Anonymous. 2010. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü.
http://dmi.gov.tr/tahmin/il-ve-ilceler.aspx?m=CANAKKALE access time: August-December 2010
Anonymous. 2011. Iowa State University, University Extension. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/publications/pm1855.pdf time: September 2011 access
Başaran, M.S. 1979. Biber Salçası Yapım Tekniğinin Geliştirilmesi ve Salçanın Kalitesi Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Gıda Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Bölümü. Doktora Tezi (in Turkish).
Block, G., B. Patterson, and A. Suber. 1992. Nutrition Cancer 18, pp: 1-29.
Blokhina, O., E. Violainen, and K.V. Fagerstedt. 2003. Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress: a review. Annals of Botany 91, pp. 179–194.
Burns, C.E., K.M. Johnston, and O.J. Schmitz. 2003. Global climate change and mammalian species diversity in US national parks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of USA, 100, p:11474–11477.
Byers, T. and G. Perry. 1992. Dietary carotenes, vitamin C, and vitamin E as protective antioxidants in human cancers. Annual Review Nutrition, 12: 139−159.
Chun, J., L. Lee, L. Ye, J. Exler, and R.R. Eitenmiller. 2006. Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of raw and processed fruits and vegetables in the United States diet. Journal of Food. Composition and Analysis 19: pp: 196–204.
Depka, B., P. Jahns, and A. Trebst. 1998. b-Carotene to zeaxanthin conversion in the rapid turnover of the D1 protein of photosystem II. FEBS Lett 424: 267-270.
Donaldson, M.S. 2004. Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet. Nutrition Journal, 3:19
Eitenmiller, R.R. and J. Lee. 2004. Vitamin E: Food Chemistry. Composition and Analysis. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Eskling, M., P.O. Arvidsson, and H.E. Akerlund. 1997. The xanthophyll cycle, its regulation and components. Physiologia Plantarum 100 p: 806-816.
Fryer, M.J. 1992. The antioxidant effects of thylakoid vitamin E (a- tocopherol). Plant Cell and Environment 15: 381-392.
Hamidou, F., G. Zombre, O. Diouf, N.N. Diop, S. Guinko, and S. Braconnier. 2007. Physiological, biochemical and agromorphological responses of five cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) to water deficit under glasshouse conditions. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement. Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Page(s): 225-234.
Hiroshi, I. 2000. Determination of tocopherol acetate in emulsified nutritional supplements by solid-phase extraction and hihg- performance liquid chromatography with fluorecence detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 881: p. 243-249.
Gimeno, E., A.I. Catellote, R.M. Lamuela-Raventos, M.C. de la Torre, and M.C. Lopez-Sabater. 2000. Rapid determination of vitamin E in vegetables oils by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 881: p. 251-254.
Groff, J.L., S.S. Gropper, and S.M. Hunt. 1995. The Fat Soluble Vitamins. In Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. Minneapolis: West Publishing Company, pp. 284-324.
Karpinska, J,. B. Micoluc, R. Motkowski, and J. Piotrowska- Jastrzebska. 2006. HPLC Method for Simultaneos Determination of Retinol, α-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Human Plasma. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analtsis, Vol. 42, p: 232-236.
Keles, Y. and I. Oncel 2002. Response of antioxidative defence system to temperature and water stress combinations in wheat seedlings. Plant Science 163(4):783-790.
Kurilich, A.C., G.J. Tsau, A. Brown, L. Howard, B.P. Klein, E.H. Jeffery, M. Kushad, M.A. Wallig, and J.A. Juvik. 1999.
Carotene, Tocopherol, and Ascorbate Contents in Subspecies of Brassica oleracea. Journal Agriculture Food Chemistry, 47,p: 1576-1581.
Lee, S.K. and A.A. Kader. 2000. Preharvest and Postharvest factors Influencing Vitamin C Content of Horticultural Crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20 p. 207-220.
Moreno, P., and V. Salvado. 2000. Determination of eight water – and fat-soluble vitamins in multi-vitamin pharmaceutical formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 870: p. 207-215.
Munné-Bosch, S. and L. Alegre. 2000. Changes in carotenoids, tocopherols and diterpenes during drought and recovery, and the biological significance of chlorophyll loss in Rosmarinus officinalis. Planta 210: 925–931.
Munné-Bosch, S. and L. Alegre. 2003. Drought-induced changes in the redox state of α-Tocopherol, Ascorbate and the diterpene carnosic acid in chloroplasts of Labiatae species differing in carnosic acid. Plant Physiology 131 (4). American Society of Plant Biologists, 1816-1825.
Nollet, L.M. 1992. Food Analysis by HPLC, New York. Olivan, A. and S. Munné-Bosch. 2010. Diurnal patterns of a- tocopherol accumulation in Mediterranean plants. Journal of Arid Environments. 74(11), Academic Press, 1572-1576.
Pek, Z., H. Daood, M.G. Nagyne, A. Neményi, and L. Helyes. 2013. Effect of environmental conditions and water status on the bioactive compounds of broccoli. Cent. Eur. J. Biol. 8(8) 777- 787 DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0172-7
Price, A.H. and G.A.F. Hendry. 1989. Stress and the role of activated oxygen scavengers and protective enzymes in plants subjected to drought. Biochemical Society Transactions, 17:493– 494.
Rodas, A.M., S. Ferrer, and H. Pardo. 2003. A tool for identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from grape must and wine. Systematic Applied Microbiology, 26(3): 412-422.
Rosa, E.A.S. and A.S. Rodrigues. 2001. Total and individual glucosinolate content in 11 broccoli cultivars grown in early and late seasons, Hortscience 36 p. 56–59.
Ross, A.C. 1999. Vitamin A. In: Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Ninth Edition. Edited by Maurice Shils, James Olson, Moshe Shike, and A. Catharine Ross. Baltimore,Williams & Wilkins, p. 305-313.
Sahni, S., E.S. Zoltick, R.R. McLean, and M. Hannan. 2010. Non-D vitamins and bone health in adults. IBMS BoneKEy, 431–446.
Singh, J., A.K. Upadhyay, K. Prasad, A. Bahadur, and M. Rai. 2007. Variability Of Carotenes, Vitamin C, E And Phenolics In Brassica Vegetables. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis: an Official Publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems, 20(2): p. 106-112.
Souci, S.W., W. Fachmann, and H. Kraut. 1994. In: Food composition and nutrition tables. Medpharm Scientific publishers, Stuttgart, p: 627-629.
Steinmetz, K.A. and J.D. Potter. 1993 Food-group consumption and colon cancer in the Adelaide Case-Control Study. II. Meat, poultry, seafood, dairy foods and eggs. International Journal of Cancer, 53, 720-727.
Vallejo, F., F.A. Barberan, and C. Garcia-Viguera. 2002. Glucosinolates and vitamin C content in edible parts of broccoli florets after domestic cooking. Europan Food Research Technology, 215:p: 310–316.
Vanderslice, J.T., D.J. Higgs, J.M. Hayes, and G. Block. 1990. Ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid content of foods- aseaten. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 3, p: 105– 118.
Vinocur, B. and A. Altman. 2005. Recent advances in engineering plant tolerance to abiotic stress: achievements and limitations. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 16:123–132.