Effects of tobacco waste and farmyard manure on macro element status of soil and yield of grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.var. capitata)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, kompostlaştırılmış tütün atığı ve ahır gübresinin toprağın makro besin elementi içeriği ve verime olan etkilerini karşılaştırmaktır. Bu araştırma 2005-2006 yıllarında, E.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi Menemen Araştırma Uygulama ve Üretim Çiftliği’nin deneme alanında yürütülmüştür. Sigara fabrikasından alınan tütün atıklarının olgunlaştırılmasıyla elde edilen kompost ve ahır gübresi kullanılarak baş salata (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) yetiştirilmiştir. Çalışmada ticari gübre ve bitki koruma amaçlı pestisid vb. kullanılmamıştır. Denemeye ait uygulamalar şu şekildedir: (1) kontrol, (2) 12.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ ahır gübresi + 37.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ tütün atığı kompostu, (3) 25 t $ha^ {-1}$ ahır gübresi + 25 t $ha^ {-1}$ tütün atığı kompostu, (4) 50 t $ha^ {-1}$ ahır gübresi, (5) 50 t $ha^ {-1}$ tütün atığı kompostu, (6) 37.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ ahır gübresi + 12.5 t ha-1 tütün atığı kompostu. Denemede iki farklı dönemde toplam üç kere (7 Eylül 2005, 11 Kasım 2005 ve 14 Nisan 2006 olmak üzere) toprak örneklemesi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, tütün atığı kompostunun ve ahır gübresinin, toprağın makro besin element içeriklerine ve bitki verimine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Tütün atığı ve ahır gübresi uygulamalarının dozları ile toprağın makro besin element içerikleri ve verimde kontrole göre olumlu yönde artışlar saptanmıştır. Topraklara ait verimlilik parametrelerinden olan N-P-K gibi makro besin element içeriklerinde gerçekleşen artışlar marul bitkisinin veriminde de gözlenmiştir. Maksimum verim, özellikle 50 t $ha^ {-1}$ tütün atığı kompostunun uygulandığı parsellerde 102.7 t $ha^ {-1}$ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, tütün atığı kompostunun toprağın bitki besin maddesi düzeyini iyileştirmek için kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Tütün atığı ve ahır gübresinin baş salata (Lactuca sativa L.var. capitata) yetiştiriciliğinde toprağın makro besin element içeriği ve verime olan etkileri

The aim of this study is to compare effects of composted tobacco waste (CTW) with farmyard manure (FYM) on macro element status of soil and yield of lettuce. This research was held in the experimental fields of Agriculture Faculty’s Research Farm of Ege University in Menemen-Izmir-Turkey in the years of 2005 and 2006. Tobacco wastes gathered from cigarette industry were composted and applied to lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) with manure. No mineral fertilizers or pesticides were applied. The treatments were; (1) control, (2) 12.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ FYM + 37.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ CTW, (3) 25 t ha-1 FYM + 25 t $ha^ {-1}$ CTW, (4) 50 t ha-1 FYM, (5) 50 t $ha^ {-1}$ CTW, (6) 37.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ FYM + 12.5 t $ha^ {-1}$ CTW. During the experiment, soil samples were taken three times in two different periods (1st, September 7, 2005; $2^ {nd}$, November 11, 2005; and $3^ {rd}$, April 14, 2006). The effects of CTW and FYM on soil nutrients and the yield were investigated. All application rates provided increasing effects on soil when compared with control. Increasing N, P, K contents provided a rise in yield. Maximum lettuce yield was 102.7 t $ha^ {-1}$ at the plots where 50 t $ha^ {-1}$ CTW was applied. The results show that CTW can be used as a plant nutrients resource.

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