Yeni bulunan eski solunum virüsü: Human metapneumovirus

Paramyxoviridae ailesinde yer alan human metapneumovirus (hMPV) alt solunum yolu etkeni olarak ilk kez 2001 yılında tanımlanmıştır. Değişik ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalarda, virüsün özellikle pediatrik hastalarda etken olduğu ve alt solunum yolu infeksiyonlarında %5-20 oranında saptandığı bildirilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalarda hMPVnin daha çok kış sonu ve ilkbahar döneminde enfeksiyona neden olduğu, ancak mevsimsel dağılımın kesin olarak bilinmediği, erkek çocukların kızlardan daha çok etkilendiği ve diğer solunum virüsleri ile birlikte koenfeksiyon yapabildiği bildirilmiştir. Günümüzde, hMPV enfeksiyonu tanısında direkt antijen testleri, hücre kültürü, moleküler yöntemler ve serolojik yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, pediatrik yaş grubunda RSVye çok benzeyen akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarına neden olan, özellikle 2 yaşından küçük çocuklarda gelişen akut bronşiyolit tablosunda akla gelmesi gereken ve çoğunlukla alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonlarında viral etken olarak gözden kaçan hMPVnin özelliklerini, yaygınlığını, tanı testlerini irdelemek ve bu virüs konusunda farkındalığı arttırmak amaçlanmıştır.

Newly discovered old respiratory virus: Human metapneumovirus

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family was described as a lower respiratory tract factor for the first time in 2001. Studies conducted in various countries reported that the virus, especially in pediatric patients, was determined in 5-20% of lower respiratory tract infections. In recent studies, it was revealed that hMPV mostly caused infection during the late winter and early spring period but seasonal distribution was not exactly known. Boys were affected more than the girls and it could cause coinfection with other respiratory viruses. Currently, direct antigen tests, cell culture, molecular and serological methods are used in diagnosis of hMPV infection. In this review, we aimed to address the features, prevalence and diagnostic tests of hMPV that cause acute respiratory tract infections similar to RSV in pediatric age groups, and suggest that it should be considered especially in children under two years of age in statements of acute bronchiolitis. It mostly should not be considered as viral factor in lower respiration infections. Our aim was also to increase awareness about this virus.

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