Demet VURAL YÜZBAŞI, Sümeyye Sema YILMAZ

Ergenlik Döneminde Ebeveynden Algılanan Psikolojik Kontrol Üzerine Bir Gözden Geçirme Çalışması

Psikoloji alanında yapılan pek çok araştırma çocuk ve ergenlerin gelişiminde ebeveynlerin önemli bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Ebeveynlerin benimsediği davranış ve tepkiler ise farklı ebeveynlik pratikleri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, çocuğun özerklik kazanmasını zorlaştıran, kendisini ifade etmesine fırsat tanımayan psikolojik kontrol uygulamaları da önemli ebeveyn tepkileri olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu gözden geçirme çalışmasının temel amacı, psikolojik kontrolün ergenlerin gelişimleri üzerindeki etkilerinin ele alındığı farklı çalışmaların sunularak öneminin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, öncelikle alanyazında psikolojik kontrol kavramının gelişimi ve farklı tanımlarına yer verilmiştir. Ardından ergenlik döneminde ebeveynden algılanan psikolojik kontrolün psikososyal gelişim ile ilişkisine değinilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, özerklik, kimlik gelişimi, kişilerarası ilişkiler, benlik saygısı, duygu düzenleme gibi boyutları içeren çalışmalar ele alınmıştır . Bir sonraki kısımda ise psikolojik ve davranışsal problemler ile ebeveynden algılanan psikolojik kontrolü konu edinen çalışmalar aktarılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, anksiyete, depresif belirtiler, problemli davranışlar gibi içselleştirme ve dışsallaştırma gibi problemlere yönelik araştırmalar sunulmuştur. Ardından, ergenlik döneminde çocuğu olan ebeveynlere yönelik bazı müdahale programlarından örnekler verilerek, etkin ebeveynlik yöntemlerinin ergen gelişimindeki olumlu etkisi vurgulanmıştır. Son olarak, alanyazında yer alan çalışmalar değerlendirilerek, araştırmacı ve uygulayıcılara yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Psikolojik kontrol, Ergenlik, Ebeveynlik, Müdahale

A Review of Perceived Psychological Control From Parents in Adolescence

Many studies in the field of psychology reveal that parents have an important influence on the development of children and adolescents. Behaviors and reactions adopted by parents appear as different parenting practices. In this context, psychological control practices, which make it difficult for adolescents to gain autonomy and express themselves, appear as important parental responses. The main purpose of this review is to put forth the importance of psychological control in adolescent development. For this purpose, firstly, the development and definitions of psychological control concept have been presented. Also, the relationship between psychological control and psychosocial development in adolescence has been mentioned. The studies on the relationship between psychological control and autonomy, identity development, interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, emotion regulation have been presented. In the next section, studies on psychological, behavioral problems and perceived psychological control have been included. In this context, studies on internalization and externalization problems such as anxiety, depressive symptoms, and problematic behaviors have been presented. Then, the positive effects of effective parenting methods on adolescent development have been emphasized by giving examples of some intervention programs. Finally, the studies in the literature have been evaluated and suggestions for researchers and practitioners have been presented.

Keywords:

Psychological control, Adolescence, Parenting, Intervention,

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