Bilişsel Davranışçı Yaklaşım Temelli Psiko-eğitim Programının Anneler Üzerindeki Etkililiğinin İncelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma (BDY) dayalı psiko-eğitim programının kadın danışma merkezine başvuran annelerin problem çözme ve iletişim becerilerine, evlilik doyum ve iyi oluş düzeylerine etkisini incelemektir. Araştırma, Bornova Belediyesi Kadın Danışma Merkezi’ne aile içindeki sorunlarla başa çıkamama nedeniyle psikolojik yardım almak için başvuran annelerle yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 17’si deney 1, 16’sı deney 2 ve 16’sı kontrol grubunda olmak üzere toplam 49 denekle çalışılmış olup, bu denekler deney ve kontrol gruplarına rastgele atanmıştır. Her gruba ön test olarak Problem Çözme Envanteri, İletişim Becerileri Değerlendirme Ölçeği, Evlilik Yaşam Ölçeği ve Psikolojik İyilik Hali Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Deney grubu her oturumu iki buçuk saat süren ve 16 oturumdan oluşan BDY’ye dayalı psiko-eğitim programına tabi tutulmuştur. Kontrol grubuna ise herhangi bir müdahalede bulunulmamıştır. Uygulama bitiminde her iki gruba son test olarak aynı ölçekler tekrar uygulanmıştır. Ön test, son test uygulamalarından elde edilen veriler, karışık desenlerde kullanılması uygun bir teknik olan “3×2 Karışık Desen ANOVA” tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada tüm analizler için anlamlılık düzeyi .05 olarak alınmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, BDY’ye dayalı psiko-eğitim programının annelerin problem çözme ve iletişim becerilerini, evlilik doyum ve iyi oluş düzeylerini artırdığı ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

psiko-eğitim, problem çözme, iletişim becerileri, bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşım, evlilik doyumu, iyi oluş.

-

The aim of this research was to test the effects of the psycho-education program based on cognitive behavioral approach (CBA) on problem solving skills, communication skills, levels of marriage satisfaction and psychological wellbeing of the mothers who applied to get psychological help from Bornova Municipal Woman Counseling Center. The research was carried out with mothers who applied to Bornova Municipal Woman Counseling Center in order to handle their problems within the family. 49 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: 33 subjects in the experimental group, and 16 subjects in the control group. Problem Solving Inventory, Communication Skills Evaluation Scale, Marriage Life Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale were administered to both groups as pretest. The psycho-education program, consisted of 16 sessions, based on CBA was applied to experimental group. After implementing the psycho-education program, the same scales were administered to both groups as posttest. The data obtained from both pretest and posttests were analyzed by the “3×2 Complex Design ANOVA” technique which is suitable for complex designs. For all the analyses the level of significance has been taken as .05. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that the psycho-education program based on CBA increased the mothers’ problem solving skills, communication skills, levels of marriage satisfaction and psychological well-being.

Keywords:

psycho-education, problem solving, communication skills, marriage satisfaction, psychological well-being, cognitive behavioral approach.,

PDF

___

Arslan, C. (2010). An investigation of anger and anger expression in terms of coping with stress and interpersonal problem-solving. Kuram ve Uygulamada
Eğitim Bilimleri/Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(1), 25-43. Beck, J. S. (2001). Bilişsel terapi: Temel ilkeler ve ötesi (1. Basım). Ankara. Türk
Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları. Bray, S., Barrowclough, C. ve Lobban, F. (2006). The social problem-solving abilities of people with borderline personality disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1409-1417.
Brody, G. H., Murry, W. M., McNair Chen, Y., Gibbons, F., Gerrard, M. ve Wills, T. A. (2005). Linking changes in parenting to parent-child relationship quality and youth self-control: The strong African American families program. Journal of
Bullard, L., Wachlarowicz, M., DeLeeuw, J. Snyder, J., Low, S., Forgatch, M. ve DeGarmo, D. (2010). Effects of the oregon model of parent management training (PMTO) on marital adjustment in new stepfamilies: a randomized trial.
Journal of Family Psychology, 24(4), 485-496. Buwalda, F. M., Bouman, T. K., Marijtje, A. J. ve Duijn, V. (2006).
Psychoeducation for hypochondriasis: a comparison of a cognitive-behavioural approach and a problem-solving approach. Behavioural Research and Therapy, 45, 887-89 Canel, A.N. (2007). Ailede problem çözme, evlilik doyumu ve örnek bir grup
çalışmasının sınanması. (Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul. Chang, E. C., Sanna, L. J., Riley, M. M., Thornburg, A. M., Zumberg, K. M. ve Edwards M. C. (2007). Relations between problem-solving styles and psychological adjustment in young adults: is stress a mediating variable?
Personality and individual differences, 42, 135-144. Cirhinlioğlu, F.G. (2006). Üniversite öğrencilerinde utanç eğilimi, dini yönelimler, benlik kurguları ve psikolojik iyilik hali arasındaki ilişkiler. Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara. Corcoran, J. (2000). Family interventions with child physical abuse and neglect: A critical review. Children and Youth Services Review, 22(7), 563-591.
Cummings, E. M., Faircloth, B., Mitchell, B. M., Cummings, J. S. ve Schermerhorn A. C. (2008). Evaluating a brief prevention program for improving marital conflict in community families. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 193-202.
Dünya Ruh Sağlığı Federasyonu (WFMH), (2007). The lancet series on global mental health. Temmuz 2011’de http://www.wfmh.org/’dan elde edildi.
Ethier, L. S., Lemelin, J. P. ve Lacharite, C., (2004). A longitudinal study of the effects of chronic maltreatment on children’s behavioral and emotional problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28, 1265-1278.
Eğeci, İ.S. ve Gençöz, T. (2006). Factors Associated with relationship satisfaction: important of communication skills. Contempt Fam Ther, 28, 383-391.
Faircloth, W. B. ve Cummings, E. M. (2008). Evaluating a parent education program for preventing the negative effect of marital conflict. Journal of Applied
Developmental Psychology, 29, 141-156. Feinberg, M. E. ve Kan, M. L. (2008). Establishing family foundations: impact of a transition to parenting program on coparenting, depression, parent-child relatiponship and infant regulation. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 253-263.
Fitzsimmons, E. E. ve Bardone-Cone, A. M. (2011). Coping and social support as potential moderators of the relation between anxiety and eating disorder symptomatology. Eating Behaviors, 12, 21-28.
Gazda, G.M, Ginter, E.J & Horne, A.M (2000). Group counseling and psychotherapy: Theory and application (first ed.). Boston. Allyn and Bacon.
Gladding, S. T. (1998). Family therapy: history, theory, and practice. (Second ed.).
New Jersey. Prentice-Hall. Güleç, G. Yenilmez, Ç. ve Ay, F. (2011). Bir Anadolu şehrinde psikiyatri kliniğine başvuran hastaların hastalık açıklama ve çare arama davranışları. Klinik Psikiyatri, 14, 131-142.
Güven, N. (2005). İlişkilerle ilgili bilişsel çarpıtmalar ve evlilikte problem çözme becerilerinin evlilik doyumu ile ilşkisi. (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Ankara
Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara. Hahlweg, K. ve Richter, D. (2010). Prevention of marital instability and distress.
Result of an 11-year longitudinal follow-up study. Behavior research and therapy, 48, 377-383. Jackson, D. D. (1981). Family Rules: marital quid pro quo. İçinde G.D. Ericson, T.P. Hogan (Ed.). Family Therapy: An Introduction to Theory and Technique (2 nd ed.), (pp. 16-23). California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company.
Kant, G.L., D’Zurilla T. ve Maydeu-Olivares A. (1997). Social problem solving as a mediator of stres-related depression and anxiety in middle-aged and elderly community residents. Cognitive therapy and research, 21(1), 73-96.
Kalkan, M. ve Ersanlı, E. (2008). Bilişsel davranışçı yaklaşıma dayalı evlilik ilişkisini geliştirme programının evli bireylerin evlilik uyumuna etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 8, 963-986.
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., McGuire, L., Robles, T. F. ve Glaser, R. (2002). Emotions, morbidity and mortality. New perspective psyconeuroimmunology. Annu Rev. psycho, 53, 83-107.
Kim M., Hyun S., Hong J. S. ve Choi M. (2011). Social skills train and parent education programs for aggressive preschoolers and their parents in South
Korea. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 838-845. Koopmans, G. T. ve Lamers, L. M. (2007). Gender and healh care utilization: the role of mental distress and help-seeking propensity. Social Science & Medicine, 64, 1216-1230.
Malouff, J. M., Thorsteinsson, E. B. ve Schutte, N. S. (2007). The efficacy problem solving therapy in reducing mental and physical health problems. A metaanalysis. Clinical Psychological Review, 27, 46-57.
Markman, H.J., Floyd, J.F., Stanley, S.M. & Storaasli, R.D. (1988). Prevention of marital distress. A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (2), 210-217.
Markman, H. J., Stanley, S. M., Jenkins, N. H., Petrella, J. N. ve Wadsworth, M. E. (2006). Preventive education: Distinctives and directions. Journal of Cognitive
Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 20(4), 411-433 Maughan, D. R., Christiansen, E., Jenson, W. R., Olympia, D. ve Clark, E. (2005). Behavioral parent training as a treatment for externalizing behaviors and disruptive behavior disorders: A meta-analysis. School Psychology Review, 34(3), 267-286.
McMurran, M., Egan, V., Blair, M. ve Richardson, C. (2001). The relationship between social problem-solving and personality disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 517-524.
Minuchin, S. (1974). Families and family therapy. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Möller-Leimkühler, A.M. (2002). Barriers to help-seeking by men: A review of sociocultural and clinical literature with particular reference to depression.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 71, 1-9. Nixon, R. D. V. (2002). Treatment of behavior problems in preschoolers: A review of parent training programs. Clinical Psychological Review, 22, 525-546.
O'Brien, M. P., Zinberg, J. L., Lorena, H., Rudd, A., Kopelowicz, A., Daley M., Bearden, C. E. ve Cannon, T. D. (2009). Family problem solving interactions and 6-month symptomatic and functional outcomes in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis and with recent onset psychotic symptoms: A longitudinal study.
Schizophrenia Research, 107, 198-205. Pihet, S., Bodenmann, G., Cina, A., Widmer, K. ve Shantinath, S. (2007). Can prevention of marital distress improve well-bsaeing? A 1 year longitudinal study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 14, 79-88.
Robles, T. F. ve Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (2003). The physiology of marriage: path ways to health. Physiology & Behavior, 79, 409-416.
Rodrigo, M. J., Maiquez, M. L., Correa, A. D., Martin, J. C. ve Rodriguez, G. (2006). Outcome evaluation of a community center-based program for mothers at high psychosocial risk. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30, 1049-1064.
Sardoğan, M.E. ve Karahan, T.F. (2005). Evli bireylere yönelik bir insan ilişkileri beceri eğitimi programının evli bireylerin evlilik uyum düzeylerine etkisi.
Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(2), 89-102. Satir, V. (1981). Family systems and approaches to family therapy. İçinde G.D.
Ericson, T.P. Hogan (Ed.). Family Therapy: An Introduction to Theory and Technique (2 nd ed.), (pp. 40-52). California: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Seligman, (2001). Systems, strategies, and skills of counseling and psychotherapy (1st ed). New Jersey. Prentice-Hall.
Steinglass, P. (1987). A systems view of family interaction and psychopathology. İçinde T. Jacob (Ed.), Family interaction and psychopathology: theories, methods, and findings (1 st ed), (pp. 25-66). New York and London: Plenum Press.
Tezer, E. (1986). Evli eşler arasındaki çatışma davranışları: Algılama ve doyum.
Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Ankara, Türkiye. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK), (2010). İş istatistikleri. Temmuz 2011’de http://www.tuik.gov.tr/ adresinden elde edildi.
United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD), (2010). The world’s women 2010: Trends and statistics. Temmuz 2011’de http://unstats.un.org/ adresinden elde edildi.
Waite, L. J., Luo, Y. ve Lewin, A. C. (2009). Marital happiness and marital stability: consequences for psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 38, 201-2
World Federation for Mental Health [WFMH], (2010). The great push: investing in mental health. Temmuz 2011’de http://wfmh.com adresinden elde edilmiştir.