İSTİHDAMIN KORUNMASI VE İŞTEN ÇIKARILANLARA UYGULANAN YARDIMLAR

İşsizlik temel olarak işgücü piyasasındaki düzenlemelerin bir sonucudur. İşten çıkarmalar birleşmeler, satın almalar, işletmelerin küçülmeleri ve ele geçirmeler sonucunda meydana gelmektedir. Aktif programlar istihdam fırsatlarını arttırmakta ve işgücünün yeniden eğitilmesi ile işgücü tedariki kalitesinin arttırılması, işgücü talebinin arttırılması, çalışanların işe uyumunun sağlanması gibi istihdamı, verimliliği teşvik eden geniş faaliyet düzenlemelerini içermektedir. Pasif programlar ise işsizlik sigortası ya da işsizliğin finansal zorluğunun hafifletilmesini içermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, istihdam yapısındaki değişiklikleri, aktif-pasif işsizlik yardımı programlarını incelemek ve bazı ülkelerdeki işsizlik yardımı programlarını değerlendirmektir

Unemployment is primarily a consequence of labour market regulation. Redundancy caused by merger, acqusition, downsizing and takeover. Active Programs can contribute to increase employment opportunities and include a wide range of activities to stimulate employment and productivity such as increasing the quality of labor supply with retraining, increasing labor demand or improving the matching of workers to jobs. However, passive programs include unemployment insurance or designed to mitigate the financial hardships of the unemployed. The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in employment structure and the active - passive unemployment aid programs and evaluate unemployment aid programs in some countries

PDF

___

ABBASI, S.M. ve HOLLMAN, K.W. (1998): “The Myth and Realities of Downsizing”, Records Management Quarterly, Cilt 32, Sayı 2, ss:31-37.
AMUNDSON, N.E. ve BORGEN, W. A. (1982): “The Dynamics of Unemployment: Job Loss and Job Search” The Personnel and Guidance Journal, Cilt 60, Mayıs ss:562-564.
APPELBAUM, S.H., CLOSE, T.G. ve KLASA, S. (1999): “Downsizing: an Examination of some Successes and More Failures”, Management Decision, Cilt 37, Sayı 5, ss:42-43.
BBC News, http://news.bbc.co.uk, (06.06.2004). BDDK (2003): “Bankacılık Sektörü Yeniden Yapılandırma Programı: Gelişme Raporu VII”, 23.10.2003.
BORGEN, W. (1997): “People Caught in Changing Career Opportunities: A Counseling Process”, Journal of Employment Counseling, Cilt 34, Sayı 3, ss:133-143.
BROCKNER, J.; KONOVSKY, M.; COOPERSCHNEIDER, R.; FOLGER, R.; MARTIN, C. ve BIES, R.J.(1994): “Interactive Effects of Procedural Justice and Outcome Negativity on Victims and Survivors of Job Loss”, Academy of Management Journal, Cilt 37, Nisan, ss:397-409.
Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (2004): Türkiye’de İşsizliğin Önlenmesi ve İstihdamın Artırılması Raporu, Yayın No.117.
CALMFORS L.; FORSLUND, A. ve HEMSTROM, M. (2002): “Does Active Labour Market Policy Work? Lessons From the Swedish Experiences”, Institute for International Economic Studies, Seminar Paper No.700.
CAMERON, K.S.; FREEMAN, S.J. ve MISHRA, A.K.(1991): “Best Practices in White-Collar Downsizing: Managing Contradictions”, Academy of Management Executive, Cilt 5, Sayı 3, ss:57-73.
CAMPINOS-DUBERNET, M.(2003) : Des Restructurations Discrètes: Mondialisation et Reconstruction de l’Emploi, Travail et Emploi, Sayı 95, ss :41-58.
CASCIO, W.F. (2002) : Responsible Restructuring, Berrett-Koehler Publishers-SHRM, San Francisco. CENTEL, Tankut (2003): “ Yeni İş Kanunu’nun Muhtemel Etkileri ve Diğer Düzenlemeler”, İşveren Dergisi, Haziran.
CIPD (2002): “Redundancy Survey Report”, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. CORNFIELD, D.B.(1982): “Seniority, Human Capital, and Layoffs: A Case Study”, Industrial Relations, Cilt 21, Sayı 3, ss: 348-360.
Council Directive 2001/23/EC of 12 March 2001 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees' rights in the event of transfers of undertakings, businesses or parts of undertakings or businesses.
Council Directive 94/45/EC of 22 September 1994 on the establishment of a European Works Council or a procedure in Community-scale undertakings and Community-scale groups of undertakings for the purposes of informing and consulting employees.
Danone Social Responsibility Report 2000, (http://www.danonegroup.com), (23.09.2003).
DE BONY, E.(2002): “Managing Change”, The Economist Intelligence Unit, Mart, ss:70-83.
DE VOS, Ans; BUYENS, D. ve CHALK, R. (2003): “Making Sense of a New Employment Relationship: Psychological Contract-Related Information Seeking and the Role of Work Values and Locus of Control”, Vlerick Leuven Gent Working Paper Series, Sayı 2003/28, Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School.
DEGORRE, A. ve REYNAUD, B. (2003) : “Les Performances des Entreprises S’Ameliorent-elles avec une reduction de l’Emploi des Salariés Non Qualifiés et Qualifiés?”, Document de Travail de CEPREMAP, Kasım,. www.cepremap.cnrs.fr.
DEGROOT, D.R.(1994): “A Look at German Outplacement And Career Management”, The International Journal of Career Management, Cilt 6, Sayı 5, ss:11-17.
DİE, 2003 Temel Göstergeler. Directive 2002/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2002 establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community.
Directive 98/59/CE du Conseil du 20 juillet 1998 concernant le rapprochement des législations des États membres relatives aux licenciements colectifs. Dünya Gazetesi, http://www.dunyagazetesi.com.tr., 26.02.2004,
EBY, L.T. ve BUCH, K. (1994): “The Effect of Job Search Method, Sex, Activity Level, and Emotional Acceptance on New Job Characteriscs: Implications for Counseling Unemployed Professionals” Journal of Employment Counseling, Cilt 31, Sayı 2, ss:69-82.
European Commission Directorate General for Employment (1998): “Managing Change: High Level Group on Economic and Social Implications of Industrial Change”.
EVANS-KLOCK, C.; KELLY, P. ve VARGHA, C.(1998):“Worker Displacement: Public Policy,and Labour-Management Initiatives in Selected OECD Countries”, ILO-Employment and Training Papers, Sayı 24.
GODKIN, L.; VALENTINE, S. ve ST.PIERRE, J. (2002): “A Multilevel Appraisal and Conceptualization of Company Downsizing”, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, Cilt 14, Sayı 2/3, Eylül, ss:57-68.
HARRICK, E.J.; HANSEL, M. ve SCHUTZIUS, R.E.(1982): “Outplacement Training: Process, Content and Attitudes”, Training and Development Journal, Şubat.
HOPKINS, W.E. ve HOPKINS, S.A.(1999): “The Ethics of Downsizing: Perceptions of Rights and Responsibilities”, Journal of Business Ethics, Cilt 18.
http://www.ntvmsnbc.com, (26.6.2003)
ILO (1999): Employment Outlook 1999.
ILO (2000): World Labour Report 2000-Income Security and Social Protection in a Changing World.
KARAKE-SHALHOUB, Z.A. (1999): Organizational Downsizing, Discrimination, and Corporate Social Responsibility, Quorum Books, Wesport.
KIESELBACH, T. ve MILLER, S. (2002): “Occupational Transitions and Corporate Responsibility in Layoffs: A European Research Project (SOCOSE)”, Journal of Business Ethics, Cilt 39, ss:13-20.
KINNIE, N.; HUTCHINSON, S. ve PURCELLL, J. (1998): “Downsizing: Is It Always Lean and Mean”, Personnel Review, Cilt 27, Sayı 4, ss:296- 311.
KLEINBERG, J.L.(2000): “Beyond Emotional Intelligence at Work: Adding Insight to Injury through Group Psychotherapy”, Group, Cilt 24, Sayı 4, ss:261-278.
LAABS, J. (1999): “Has Downsizing Missed Its Mark?”, Workforce, Cilt 78, Sayı 4, ss.31-38.
LABIB, N. ve APPLEBAUM, S.H. (1994): “The Impact of Downsizing Practices on CorporateSuccess”, Journal of Management Development, Cilt 13, Sayı 7, ss.59-84.
LATACK, J.C. ve DOZIER, J.B. (1986): “After The Ax Falls:Job Loss As a Career Transition”, Academy of Management Review, Cilt 11, Sayı 2, ss.375-392.
LEANA, C.R. ve FELDMAN, D.C. (1989): “When Mergers Force Layoffs: Some Lessons About Managing The Human Resource Problems”, Human Resource Planning, Cilt 12, Sayı 2, ss.123- 140.
LEANA, C.R.; FELDMAN, D.C. ve TAN, G. (1998): “Predictors of Coping Behavior after a Layoff Note”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Cilt 19,ss.85-97.
LEUNG, A.S.M. ve CHANG, L.M.K. (2002): “Organizational Downsizing: Psychological Impact on Surviving Managers in Hong Kong”, Asia Pacific Business Review, Cilt 8, Sayı 3, ss.76-94.
LHH (2001): “Severance and Separation Benefits Survey”, Lee Hecht Harrison Global Career Services LLC.
LONDON, M (1996): “Redeployment and Continuous Learning in the 21st Century: Hard Lessons and Positive Examples From The Downsizing Era”, Academy of Management Executive, Cilt 10, Sayı 4, ss.67-79.
MISHRA, K.E.; SPREITZER, G.M. ve MISHRA, A.K. (1998): “Preserving Employee Morale During Downsizing”, Sloan Management Review, Cilt 39, Sayı 2, ss.567-588.
MORRISON, E.W. ve ROBINSON, S.L. (1997): “When Employees Feel Betrayed: A Model of How Psychological Contract Violation Develops”, Academy of Management Review, Cilt 22, Sayı 1, ss.226-256.
POMPA, V.(1992): “Managerial Secrecy: An Ethical Examination”, Journal of Business Ethics, Cilt 11, Sayı 2, ss.147-156.
Right Management Consultants (2003): Global Severance Practices Survey.
ROUSSEAU, D.M. (1996): “Changing the Deal While Keeping the Employee”, Academy of Management Executive, Cilt 10, Sayı 1, ss.50-61.
SCHULER, R.(1998): Managing Human Resources, International Thompson Publishing, 6th Edition.
SCOTT, J.M. ve KLEINER, B.H. (1996): “Outplacement Counselling: An Effective Tool For Certified Public Accounting Firms”, Employee Counselling Today, Cilt 8, Sayı 1, ss.20-34.
SHRM (2001): “Layoffs and Job Security Survey”, Society For Human Resources. S UTTON, R.I.; EISENHARDT, K.M. ve JUCKER, J.V. (1986): “Managing Organizational Decline : Lessons From Atari”, Organizational Dynamics, Cilt 14, Sayı 4, ss.17-29.
TAOUFIK, S. (2004) : “L’Impact des Réductions Substantielles d’Effectif sur la Performance Economique des Entreprises Nord Américaines” Communication présentée au Congrès 2004 de l’Association Francophone des Gestion des Ressources Humaines, 1-4 Septembre 2004, Université du Québec, Montréal.
(http://www.agrh2004-esg.uqam.ca) The Council of the European Union, Council Decision of 18 February 2002 on Guidelines for Member States’ Employment Policies for the Year 2002, 2002/177/EC.
TIKTIK, A. (2004): “Kayıtdışı Ekonomi, İstihdam ve İşsizlik”, İşveren Dergisi, Ağustos.
TİSK (1992), İşsizlik Sigortası Konusunda Görüş ve Öneriler, İnceleme Yayınları No.7, Ankara.
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov, 24.11.2004)
VAN BUREN III, H.(2000): “The Bindingness of Social and Psychological Contracts: Toward a Theory of Social Responsibility in Downsizing”, Journal of Business Ethics, Cilt 25, ss:205-219.
VARÇIN, R.(2004): İstihdam ve İşgücü Piyasası Politikaları, Siyasal Kitabevi, Ankara.
WANBERG, C.R.; BUNCE, L.W. ve GAVIN, M.B.(1999): “Perceived Fairness of Layoffs Among Individuals Who Have Been Laid Off: A Longitudinal Study”, Personnel Psychology, Cilt 52 ss:59-84.
YILDIRAL, S. (2000): “İşsizlik Sigortası”, İşveren Dergisi, Haziran.