ÇALIŞMA PAYLAŞIMI İŞSİZLİKLE MÜCADELEDE ETKİLİ BİR POLİTİKA MIDIR?

Gelişmiş Avrupa ülkelerinin çoğu son 30 yıldan bu yana işsizlik problemi ile karşı karşıyadırlar. Bu ülkelerde emek arzının erken emeklilik ve çalışma sürelerinin kısaltılması yoluyla azaltılması 1970’lerin sonunda itibaren işsizlikle mücadelede izlenilen başlıca yollar olmuştur. Bu makalede “çalışma paylaşımı” olarak isimlendirilen söz konusu politikalar gerek teorik gerekse uygulama açılarından analiz edilerek bunların işsizlikle mücadelede etkin araçlar olup olmadıkları sorgulanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan ampirik gözlemler çalışma paylaşımı politikasının yüksek maliyetlerine karşılık iş yaratma konusunda etkilerinin zayıf olduğunu, dolayısıyla işsizlikle mücadelede etkin bir politika olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu durum 1980’lerin ortalarından itibaren söz konusu politikaların yaygınlığını büyük ölçüde azaltmıştır

In the last thirty years most of the European Welfare States have been plauged by mass unemployment. Since late 1970’s, labor shedding via early retirement and shorter work hours per worker has seen as major pathways out of employment crisis. In this study we try to analyse these policies from both theoretical and practical standpoints. According to the findings of empirical studies they do not seem very effective to help to solve unemployment problem. These policies have been progresively criticized because of their large costs and relatively weak impacts on the jobs’ creation. For this reason work sharing policies have experienced a strong decline in their popularity since the mid 1980’s

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