Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes of BetaHemolytic and Non-Hemolytic Streptococci With Molecular Methods

Infectious diseases have been one of the most important problems affecting all societies since the existence of mankind. Streptococci, one of the causes of these diseases, can be found in the normal flora of the mouth, nose, throat, skin, digestion and genital system in humans. Streptococci are an important cause of diseases in humans such as meningitis, acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis and community -acquired pneumonia. In this study, various clinical samples belonging to the disease were taken between January and September 2015. All necessary permission documents and the ethics committee approval numbered 2 and dated 13.11.2014 for clinical investigations were obtained. The collected samples were brought to the Microbiology Laboratory of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty. Analyzes of determined and identified antibiotic resistance genes of isolated and identified streptococci strains were carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of Yüzüncü Yıl University Faculty of Pharmacy by PCR. The detection of pbp1a for penicillin G antibiotic, pbp2x for cefotaxime antibiotic, and gyrA resistance genes for quinolone antibiotics were targeted. In this study, the primers used in Table -2 were taken as reference. A total of 30 streptococcus strains were isolated and identified from various clinical samples including 8 sputum, 6 urine, 5 BOS, 4 blood, 4 nasopharyngeal swab, 2 ear effusion and 1 abscess. As a result of the PCR analysis, the resistance of pbp1a was found in 6 of the streptococcal isolates, pbp2x in 8, and resistance in the gyrA gene region in 5. In our study, no three resistance genes were found in 22 isolates and the presence of all three (pbp1a, pbp2x and gyrA) resistance genes in 5 isolates was determined. It is expected that the data obtained from this research will contribute to national and international knowledge accumulation.

___

Biedenbach DJ, Toleman MA, Walsh TR, Jones RN. Characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp. isolated in North America and Europe including the first report of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997-2004). Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 55: 119-127.

Jensen A, Valdórsson O, Frimodt-Møller N, Hollingshead S & Kilian M. Commensalstreptococciserve as a reservoir for β-lactam resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2015; 59: 3529-3540.

Kawamura Y, Fujiwara H, Mishima N, et al. First Streptococcusagalactiae isolates highlyresistant to quinolones, with pointmutations in gyrA and parC. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2003; 47: 3605-3609.

Wang YH, Chen CL, Hou JN, et al. Serotypedistribution and resistance genesassociated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from a hospital in southernTaiwan. Biomed J 2015; 38: 215-220.

Davies TA, Shang W, Bush K. Activities of ceftobiprole and other β-lactams against Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates from the United States with definedsubstitutions in penicillinbindingproteins PBP 1a, PBP 2b, and PBP 2x. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2006; 50: 2530-2532.

Jiang H, Chen M, Li T, Liu H, Gong Y, Li M. Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus agalactiae Causing Community-and HospitalAcquired Infections in Shanghai, China. Front Microbiol 2016; 7: 1308.

du Plessis M, Smith AM, Klugman KP. Application of pbp1A PCR in identification of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37: 628-632.

Nichol KA, Zhanel GG, Hoban DJ. Penicillinbinding protein 1A, 2B, and 2X alterations in Canadian isolates of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2002; 46: 3261-3264.

Sifaoui F, Kitzis MD, Gutmann L. In vitroselection of one-step mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to different oral beta-lactam antibiotics is associated with alterations of PBP2x. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 1996; 40: 152-156.

de la Campa AG, Ardanuy C, Balsalobre L, et al. Changes in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumonia after 7-Valent ConjugateVaccination, Spain. Emerg Microbes Infect 2009; 15: 905-911.

Brosius F. SPSS 21, MITP-Verlags GmbH &Co KG 2013.

Efstratiou A. Group A streptococci in the 1990s. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2000; 45: 3-12.

Başarı F, Bayraktar B, Bulut E. Beta-hemolitik streptokokların gruplandırılması ve çeşitli antibiyotiklere dirençleri. Türk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2008; 38: 106-111.

Nagano N, Nagano Y, Toyama M, et al. Nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant group B streptococci with reduced penicillin susceptibility belonging to clonal complex 1. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 2011; 67: 849-856.

Hiramatsu K, Ohama M, Mijajima Y, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities and analysis of genes related to penicillin or macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int J Antımıcrob Ag 2004; 24: 125-129.

Wajima T, Morozumi M, Chiba N, Shouji M, Iwata S, Sakata H, Ubukata K. Associations of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance with molecular typing in Streptococcus pyogenes from invasive infections 2010-2012. Int J Antımıcrob Ag 2013; 42: 447-449.

Perichon B, Tankovic J, Courvalin P. Characterization of a mutation in the parE gene that confers fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antımıcrob Agents Ch 1997: 41; 1166-1167.

Zhanel GG, Walkty A, Nichol K, Smith H, Noreddin A, Hoban DJ. Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates obtained from across Canada. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2003; 45: 63-67.

Lee WT and Lai MC. High prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae from vaginas of women in Taiwan and its mechanisms of macrolide and quinolone resistance. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2015; 48: 510-516.
Eastern Journal of Medicine-Cover
  • ISSN: 1301-0883
  • Başlangıç: 1996
  • Yayıncı: ERBİL KARAMAN
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Health Capital, Primary Health Care and Economic Growth

Tengiz VERULAVA

An Assessment of Gender Difference in Visual Cephalometric Analysis Applied to Class I Individuals: A Preliminary Study

Zekiye KARACA BOZDAĞ, AYLA KÜRKÇÜOĞLU, Ayça ÜSTDAL GÜNEY, Yener ÇAM, ÖZKAN OĞUZ

Relationships between somatosensory amplification, health anxiety and low back pain among pregnant women

ABDULLAH YILDIRIM, MURAT BOYSAN, ERBİL KARAMAN, ORKUN ÇETİN, Hanım Güler ŞAHİN

Diagnostic Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prediction of Malignancy in Adnexal Masses

Zarife KERİMOVA, Sunullah SOYSAL

Assessement of the complications of Ultrasound and Fluoroscopy-Guided Placement of Totally implantable venous access ports

Sercan ÖZKAÇMAZ, Muhammed ALPASLAN, YELİZ DADALI, ALPASLAN YAVUZ

Evaluation of Subclinical Papilledema In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Zeynep GÜRSEL ÖZKURT, MELİKE DEMİR, Yusuf YILDIRIM, Selahattin BALSAK, Ümit KARAALP

The value of diffusion-weighted imaging in the diagnosis of active sacroiliitis

Hüseyin AKDENİZ, Serhat AVCU, Özkan ÜNAL, Aydın BORA, Mustafa Kasım KARACAHOCAGİL

Simple Peripheral Markers For Inflammation In DrugNaive, Comorbidity-Free Adolescents With ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder

HALİT NECMİ UÇAR, Duygu MURAT, ŞAFAK ERAY

The Activity of Topical Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) In Burned Rats: Results From An Experimental Study

Ceren Canbey GÖRET, ASLI KİRAZ, Nuri Emrah GÖRET, Sevilay OĞUZ KILIÇ, ÖMER FARUK ÖZKAN, Muammer KARAAYVAZ

Effects of Home Visits on Medication Adherence of Elderly Individuals with Diabetes and Hypertension

ÖZLEM SİNAN, Aygül AKYÜZ