Krill Yağı ve Sağlık Faydaları

Krill yağı, okyanuslarda yaşayan “Euphausia superba” isimli deniz canlısından elde edilen bir maddedir. Krill yağındayüksek oranda Omega 3 yağ asitleri bulunur ve bu yağ asitleri fosfolipitler şeklindedir. Ayrıca, astaksantin, A vitaminive E vitamini içeren bir besin takviyesidir. Astaksantin kuvvetli antioksidan özelliğe sahip bir maddedir. Omega 3 yağasit takviyelerinin; zihinsel gelişimde, hiperlipidemide, premenstrual sendromlarda, enflamatuvar ve kardiyolojikhastalıklarda önemli olduğu bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda Krill yağı balık yağından daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Ayrıca,okyanuslarda yüzeyde yaşadıkları için toksin ve çevresel kirlilik içerme riski de daha azdır. Çalışmalarda genellikleterapötik etki için günlük doz 1-3 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Takviye edici olarak kullanıldığında ise 500 mg dozdaalınması önerilmektedir. Hamilelerde de kullanımı güvenlidir. Dokosaheksanoik asit ve Eikosapentaenoik asit içeriğininyüksek olması Krill yağının önem kazanmasına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca bu yağın emiliminin fazla olmasından dolayıaraştırmacıların yeni odak noktası Krill yağı olmuştur. Bu makalede, Krill yağının içeriği, biyoyararlanımı, in vivo veklinik aktivite çalışmaları, yan etkileri ile ilgili yayınlanmış olan bilimsel çalışmalar derlenmiştir.

Krill Oil and Its Health Benefits

Krill oil is obtained from Euphausia superba, which lives in the oceans. Omega 3 fatty acids in Krill oil are found in the form of phospholipids. Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant compound. Also, it is a food supplement containing astaxanthin, Vitamin A, and Vitamin E. Omega 3 fatty acid supplements; It is known to be important in mental development, hyperlipidemia, premenstrual syndromes, inflammatory and cardiological diseases. In recent years, Krill oil has gained more importance than fish oil. Also, because Krill lives on the surface in the oceans, there is less risk of containing toxins and environmental pollution. In studies, it is generally recommended to take 1-3 g daily for therapeutic effect and 500 mg as a supplement. It is safe to use in pregnant women. Due to the high content of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and the high absorption rate, the new focus of researchers has been on Krill oil. In this article, published scientific studies on the content, bioavailability, in vivo and clinical activity studies and side effects of krill oil have been reviewed.

PDF

___

1. Burri L. The secrets of Krill [Adobe Digital Editions]. ISBN: 978-82-690452-0-8. Available from: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4650115/E-Book%20- 20The%20secrets%20of%20krill.pdf.
2. Singh J, Singh B, Kaur A. Krill oil - A novel food supplement for human health. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 3(6): 213-9.
3. Xie D, Gong M, Wei W, Jin J, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) oil: a comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction technologies, health benefits, and current applications. Compr Rev Food Sci F. 2019; 18(2): 514-34.
4. Krill oil. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010; 15(1): 84-6.
5. Yurko-Mauro K, Kralovec J, Bailey-Hall E, Smeberg V, Stark JG, Salem N. Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or Krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 14(1): 99.
6. Ulven SM, Kirkhus B, Lamglait A, Basu S, Elind E, Haider, T, et al. Metabolic effects of Krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA in healthy volunteers. Lipids. 2011; 46(1): 37-46.
7. Vigerust NF, Bjørndal B, Bohov P, Brattelid T, Svardal A, Berge RK. Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(4): 1315-25.
8. Ierna M, Kerr A, Scales H, Berge K, Griinari M. Supplementation of diet with Krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010; 11(1): 136.
9. Parastoo MZA, Kianpour Rad S. Anti-pain and antiinflammation like effects of Neptune Krill oil and fish oil against carrageenan induced inflammation in mice models: current statues and pilot study. Biotechnol Rep. 2019; 22(1): e00341.
10. Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effect of neptune Krill oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26(1): 39-48.
11.Bunea RE, Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev. 2004; 9(4): 420-8.
12.Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res. 2014; 34(2): 126-33.
13. Zhu JJ, Shi JH, Qian WB, Cai ZZ, Li D. Effects of Krill oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2008; 7(1): 30.
14. Ferramosca A, Conte A, Burri L, Berge K, De Nuccio F, Giudetti AM, et al. A Krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. PloS one. 2012; 7(6): e38797.
15.Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Morbini M, Cagnati M, Grandi E, Parini A, et al. Lipid-lowering and antiinflammatory effects of omega 3 ethyl esters and Krill oil: a randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Arch Med Sci. 2016; 12(3): 507-12.
16.Rundblad A, Holven KB, Bruheim I, Myhrstad MC, Ulven SM. Effects of Krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers: A randomised controlled trial. J Nutr Sci. 2018; 7(e3): 1-11.
17. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, Kowalski O, Duguet N, Dupuis S. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil™ on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev. 2003; 8(2): 171-9.
18. Wibrand K, Berge K, Messaoudi M, Duffaud A, Panja D, Bramham CR, et al. Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after Krill oil supplementation in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12(1): 6.
19. Gamoh S, Hashimoto M, Yanagimoto K, Katakura M, Abdul HM, Shido O. Krill-derived phospholipids rich in n-3 fatty acid improve spatial memory in adult rats. J Agric Sci. 2011; 3(4): 1-12.
20. Fosshaug LE, Berge RK, Beitnes JO, Berge K, Vik H, Aukrust P, et al. Krill oil attenuates left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10(1): 245.
21.Braarud H, Markhus M, Skotheim S, Stormark K, Frøyland L, Graff I, et al. Maternal DHA status during pregnancy has a positive impact on infant problem solving: a Norwegian prospective observation study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(5): 529.