Yer Bağlılığı ve Risk Algısı Kavramları Arasındaki İlişki

Yer bağlılığı insan, zaman, yaşanılan çevreye duyulan bağ, güven duygusu gibi etmenlerin birbirileriyle olan etkileşimi sonucu ortaya çıkmış olan bir kavramdır. Çevresel riskler yüzünden yaşadıkları çevreyi terk etmek zorunda kalan ve sonrasında duydukları bağlılıktan dolayı geri dönme isteği göstermiş insanlar üzerinde ilk araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu durum yer bağlılığının risk algısı üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Risk kavramı ise bir afet sonucunda can, mal, çevresel kayıpların meydana gelme olasılığı iken risk algısı da bu durumun sezgisel olarak değerlendirilmesidir. Genellikle çevresel tehdit oluşumunda ve hemen sonrasında ortaya çıktığı fakat zamanla azaldığı görülmektedir. Yer bağlılığı ve risk algısı arasındaki ilişki hakkında az sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Scopus veri tabanının sistematik bir şekilde araştırılması sonucunda yer bağlılığı ve risk algısını doğrudan ele alan 13 adet çalışma (2004-2017) saptanmıştır. Bu araştırma sonuçlarına göre yer bağlılığı ve risk algısı arasında hem pozitif hem de negatif ilişki bulunmaktadır. Sonuçlar özellikle şunları göstermektedir: (1) risk algısı ve yer bağlılığı arasında pozitif ilişki vardır; genel olarak farklı risk türlerine maruz kalmış yer bağlılığı yüksek olan bireylerin risk algısı daha güçlüdür; (2) risk algısı ve yer bağlılığı arasında negatif ilişki vardır; yere olan bağlılık arttıkça güven duygusu da artmaktadır ve riskleri algılama seviyeleri düşmektedir; (3) yer bağlılığı ve riskle başa çıkma arasında pozitif ilişki vardır; yere olan bağlılıkları yüksek olan bireyler yaşadıkları çevreye karşı sorumluluk ve koruyucu davranışlar sergilemektedirler ve riskle başa çıkmaya da isteklidirler; (4) yer bağlılığı ve riskle başa çıkma arasında negatif ilişki vardır; güçlü bir yer bağlılığı olan bireyler çevresel riskler ile karşı karşıya kaldıklarında yer değişikliği yapmak istemezler, riskleri göz ardı ederler ve felaketten sonra riskli bölgelere dönme olasılıkları çok yüksektir. Bu çalışma ile yer bağlılığı ve risk algısı arasındaki ilişkinin daha önceden yapılan araştırmalara göre hangi faktörlerden etkilendiği ve ilişki sonuçlarının neler olduğunun belirlenmesi ile ulusal literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yer Bağlılığı, Risk Algısı, Riskle Başa Çıkma

The Relationship Between Place Attachment And Risk Perception Concepts

Place attachment is a concept that has emerged as a result of interaction with factors such as person, time, bond to the living environment, confidence. Various researches have been conducted on people who have had to leave their environment due to environmental risks and who have shown desire to return because of the bond they have afterwards. This suggests that the impact of place attachment on the risk perception. The concept of risk is the probability of life, property, environmental losses occurring in a disaster, while the perception of risk is intuitive. It usually appears in the immediate aftermath of environmental threats but appears to diminish over time. There are few studies on the relationship between place attachment and risk perception. As a result of a systematic investigation of the Scopus database, 13 studies (2004-2017) were conducted that place attachment and risk perception. According to the results of this research, there is a positive and negative relationship between place attachment and risk perception. Acording to results, there is a positive relationship between risk perception and place attachment; the risk perception of individuals with high place attachment who are generally exposed to different risk types is stronger. There is a negative relationship between risk perception and place attachment ; as the place attachment increases, the confidence level also increases and the levels of risk perception decrease. There is a positive relationship between place attachment and risk coping ; individuals with high place attachment exhibit responsibility and protective behaviors towards the environment they live in and are eager to cope with risk. There is a negative relationship between place attachment and risk coping; individuals with strong place attachmnet do not want to relocate when they are exposed to environmental risks, they ignore the risks and the likelihood of returning to the risky regions after the disaster is very high. There appears to be an inconsistency between the perceptions and actions of those who have strong place attachment in the literature investigations that address place attachment and environmental risks. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that affect the relationship between the place attachment and risk perception and the results of the relationship and to contribute to the national literature.

Keywords:

Place Attachment, Risk Perception, Risk Coping,

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