Türkiye’de Üretilen Elektrikli ve İçten Yanmalı Motorlu Araçların Karşılaştırmalı Çevresel Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de üretilen elektrikli ve benzinle çalışan içten yanmalı motorlu binek otomobillerin çevresel etkileri yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi yöntemiyle kıyaslanmıştır. Fonksiyonel birimin aracın kat ettiği 1 kilometrelik mesafe olarak tanımlandığı çalışmada CCaLC yazılımı ve CML2001 yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Karbon ayak izi açısından elektrikli araçların içten yanmalı motorlu araçlara göre daha çevre dostu olduğunu görülmekle beraber, diğer çevresel etkiler de göz önüne alındığında iki teknoloji arasında ciddi bir fark görülmemiştir. Eşit ağırlıklandırma yoluyla hesaplanan toplam çevresel etki skoruna bakıldığında elektrikli araçların, içten yanmalı motorlu araçlara göre %4 daha yüksek etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çevresel etkilerin iki temel sebebi olarak otomobil lastikleri ve araçların hareketi için gereken enerji ihtiyacı tespit edilmiştir. 2030 yılında Türkiye’de ön görülen elektrik araç yaygınlaşma hedeflerinin tutturulması halinde ulusal karbon ayak izinin %1,6 oranında düşmesi beklenmektedir. Elektrikli araçların karbon ayak izi dışındaki diğer çevresel etkilerinin azaltılabilmesi için Türkiye’deki şebeke elektriği üretiminde yenilenebilir kaynakların payının artırılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çevresel etki değerlendirmesi, elektrikli araç, içten yanmalı motorlu araç, karbon ayak izi, yaşam döngüsü değerlendirmesi

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles Manufactured in Turkey

In this study the environmental impacts of electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles manufactured in Turkey were compared by using life cycle assessment methodology. The functional unit was chosen as 1 kilometre of distance covered by the vehicle. CCaLC software alongside CML 2001 method was used. The results show that while electric vehicles are the more environmentally friendly option as far as carbon footprint is concerned, there is no major difference between the technologies when other environmental impacts are also taken into account.. The overall impact scores calculated by assigning equal weights to the impacts revealed that electric vehicles have 4% higher environmental impact than internal combustion engine vehicles. The main cause of environmental impacts turned out to be automobile tires and the energy required for vehicle movement. If the targets for the proliferation of electric vehicles in Turkey are reached by 2030, the nation-wide carbon footprint of the country is expected to decrease by 1.6%. It was determined that the share of renewables in Turkish grid electricity production shall be increased if the environmental impacts of electric vehicle utilization is to be reduced.

Keywords:

Environmental impact assessment, electric vehicle, internal combustion engine vehicle, carbon footprint, life cycle assessment,

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