Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the fear of missing out (FoMO) in social media and problematic Internet use in university students and to evaluate the related sociodemographic characteristics. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with university students at Eskisehir Osmangazi University in 2016. In this study, 463 students were reached by multistage sampling. Problematic Internet use was measured by the Problematic Internet Usage Scale (PIUS) and FoMO in social media was measured by the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs). Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test (Bonferroni correction), Spearman correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. Results: The students’ mean age (SD) was 21.0 (1.7) years, 54.9% (254) were male, and 91.4% of the students had Internet access at their accommodation; 74.5% were using the Internet for social sharing. The mean scores (SD) for PIUS and FoMOs were 65.19 (22.34) and 22.37 (7.41), respectively. Male students and students using the Internet for social sharing and reporting spending more than four hours per day on the Internet and the smartphone took higher mean scores from PIUS and FoMOs. Gender, Internet use for social sharing, and daily duration of smartphone use were found to be variables affecting the FoMOs score. After adjusting for affective factors, a positive relation was found between the FoMO and problematic Internet use. Conclusion: In the study, the use of Internet for social sharing, time per day spent with the smartphone, and problematic Internet use were found to be factors affecting the FoMO. Increasing problematic Internet use and FoMO in university students are significant forms of addiction requiring preventive measures.
___
1. Przybylski AK, Murayama K, DeHaan CR, Gladwell V. Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Comput Human Behav 2013; 29:1841-1848.
2. Oberst U, Wegmann E, Stodt B, Brand M, Chamarro A. Negative consequences from heavy social networking in adolescents: the mediating role of fear of missing out. J Adolesc 2017; 55:51-60.
3. Clement J. Facebook - Statistics and Facts. Statista, 2019. https:// www.statista.com/topics/751/facebook/. Accessed October 23, 2019.
4. Dossey L. FOMO, digital dementia, and our dangerous experiment. Explore (NY) 2014; 10:69-73.
5. Davis RA. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological Internet use. Comput Human Behav 2001; 17:187-195.
6. Kim HK, Davis KE. Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities. Comput Human Behav 2009; 25:490-500.
7. Griffiths M. Internet gambling: issues, concerns, and recommendations. Cyberpsychol Behav 2003; 6:557-568.
8. Turkish Statistical Institute. Survey of Household Use of Information Technologies, 2016., August 18, 2016. http://www. tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=21779 Accessed August 3, 2017.
9. Grant JE, Potenza MN, Weinstein A, Gorelick DA. Introduction to behavioral addictions. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 2010; 36:233-241.
10. Holden C. Behavioral addictions debut in proposed DSM-V. Science 2010; 327:935.
11. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD, Karilla L, Billieux J. Internet addiction: a systematic review of epidemiological research for the last decade. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:4026-4052.
12. Ceyhan E, Ceyhan AA, Gurcan A. The validity and reliability of the problematic Internet Usage Scale. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice 2007; 7:411-416.
13. Gokler ME, Aydin R, Unal E, Metintas S. Determining validity and reliability of Turkish version of Fear of Missing out Scale. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2016; 17:53-59. (Turkish)
14. Beranuy M, Oberst U, Carbonell X, Chamarro A. Problematic Internet and mobile phone use and clinical symptoms in college students: the role of emotional intelligence. Comput Human Behav 2009; 25:1182-1187.
15. Kandell JJ. Internet addiction on campus: the vulnerability of college students. Cyberpsychol Behav 1998; 1:11-17.
16. Kittinger R, Correia CJ, Irons JG. Relationship between Facebook use and problematic Internet use among college students. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 2012; 15:324-327.
17. Durkee T, Kaess M, Carli V, Parzer P, Wasserman C, Floderus B, Apter A, Balazs J, Barzilay S, Bobes J, Brunner R, Corcoran P, Cosman D, Cotter P, Despalins R, Graber N, Guillemin F, Haring C, Kahn JP, Mandelli L, Marusic D, Meszaros G, Musa GJ, Postuvan V, Resch F, Saiz PA, Sisask M, Varnik A, Sarchiapone M, Hoven CW, Wasserman D. Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction 2012; 107:2210-2222.
18. Lee YH, Ko CH, Chou C. Re-visiting Internet addiction among Taiwanese students: a cross-sectional comparison of students’ expectations, online gaming, and online social interaction. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2015; 43:589-599.
19. Chotpitayasunondh V, Douglas KM. How “phubbing” becomes the norm: the antecedents and consequences of snubbing via smartphone. Comput Human Behav 2016; 63:9-18.
20. Gokler ME, Aydin R, Unal E and Metintas S. “Fear of Missing Out” in university students in western area of Turkey. Eur J Public Health 2016; 26(Suppl.1):478.
21. Ang CS. Internet habit strength and online communication: exploring gender differences. Comput Human Behav 2017; 66:1-6.
22. Gezgin DM, Hamutoglu NB, Gemikonakli O, Raman I. Social networks users: fear of missing out in preservice teachers. Journal of Education and Practice 2017; 8:156-168.
23. Tahiroglu AY, Celik GG, Fettahoglu C, Yildirim V, Toros F, Avci A, Ozatalay E, Uzel M. Problematic Internet use in the psychiatric sample compared community sample. Noro Psikiyatr Ars 2010; 47:241-246. (Turkish)
24. Karadag E, Tosuntas SB, Erzen E, Duru P, Bostan N, Sahin B, Culha I, Babadag B. Determinants of phubbing, which is the sum of many virtual addictions: a structural equation model. J Behav Addict 2015; 4:60-74.