ULUSLARARASI SİSTEMDE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ’NİN AKTÖRLÜLÜĞÜ: ORTAK DIŞ VE GÜVENLİK POLİTİKASININ ETKİSİ

Avrupa bütünleşmesinin önemli boyutlarından ve tartışmalarından biri olan ortak dış politika geliştirme konusu, gerekuluslararası konjonktürden, gerekse Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) kendi dinamiklerinden dolayı 1990’lı yıllara kadar çoksınırlı bir gelişme gösterebilmiştir. Soğuk Savaş boyunca, AB pek çok alanda ortak dış politika belirlemeye çalışmış ,fakat üye ülkelerin dış politika konularında egemenlik haklarından feragat etmek istememeleri ve uluslararası sistemdesisteminde iki kutupluluğun dayattığı kısıtlamalar nedeniyle uluslararası ilişkileri etkileme kabiliyeti çok sınırlıdüzeyde kalmıştır. Ancak Soğuk Savaş ’ın sona ermesi, AB’nin küresel rolünün yeniden tanımlanması için uygun birzemin ortaya çıkarmıştır. Nitekim AB’nin kendine münhasır özellikleriyle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde uluslararasıilişkilerde bir aktör olarak kapasitesini ve kabiliyetini art tırdığı ve uluslararası politikada önemli roller oynamayabaşladığı görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı AB gibi siyasal yapıya sahip bir aktörün uluslararası politikada n asılbir gücü temsil ettiği, kapasitesinin bileşenlerinin neler olduğu, hangi ölçüde uyumlu bir politika oluşturabildiği veoluşturulan ortak politikaların hangi düzeyde tam olarak uygulanabildiği sorularına cevap aramaktır. Bu cevaplarışığında AB’nin Ortak Dış ve Güvenlik Politikası (ODGP) oluşturulduktan sonra uluslararası ilişkilerde önemli aktörkonumuna geldiği görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte çalışmada, üye ülkelerin dış politika alanında sınırlı düzeydeişbirliğini ön planda tutmak istemesinden dolayıdır ki AB’nin bu aktörlüğünü sivil ve normatif bir güç olaraksürdürebildiği öne sürülmektedir.

THE EUROPEAN UNION’S ACTORNESS IN INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM: THE EFFECT OF THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY

A common foreign policy is sue, one of the important dimensions and debates of European integration was able to show a very limited development due to the international conjuncture and its own dynamics. During the Cold War, the EU has tried tried to identify common foreign policy in many areas but the fact that member countries did not want to waive their sovereignty rights in foreign policy matters and there was restrictions imposed by bipolarity in the world system led to the very limited ability of the EU to influence international relations. However, the end of the Cold War created a suitable ground for redefining the global role of the EU. Indeed it appears that the EU has increased its capacity and capability as an actor in international relations in the post -Cold War era and played an important role in international politics. The aim of this study is to find answers to questions what kind of power an actor with a political structure, such as the EU represents in international politics, what the components of its capacity are, to what extent a policy can be harmonized and the extent to which common policies are implemented. In the light of this response, the EU has become an important actor in international relations after the creating of EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy. In doing so, since member countries are willing to keep a limited level of cooperation in the field of foreign policy, it will be shown that the EU’s actorness could continue as a civil and normative power.

PDF

___

Aksoy, M. & Uğur, Ö. (2016). Avrupa Birliği'nin Dış Politikadaki Aktörlüğüne Etki Eden Güç Unsurları: Sivil Güç, Askeri Güç ve Normatif Güç, AİBÜ-İİBF Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(1), 213-227.
Allen, D. (1998). Who Speaks for Europe?: The Search for an Effective and Coherent External Policy. J. Peterson & H. Sjursen (Eds.), A Common Foreign Policy for Europe (pp. 18–38). London: Routledge.
Arı, T. (2011). Uluslararası İlişkiler ve Dış Politika. Bursa: MKM Yayıncılık.
Bindi, F. (2010). The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe's Role in The World. Washington DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Bretherton, C. & Vogler, J. (2006). The European Union as Global Actor. London: Routledge.
Bull, H. (1982). Civilian Power Europe: A Contradiction in Terms?’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 21, September/December.
Cameron, F. (1998). Building a Common Foreign Policy: Do Institutions Matter?. J. Peterson & H. Sjursen (Eds.), A Common Foreign Policy for Europe (pp. 59-76). London: Routledge.
Cameron, F. (2007). An introduction to European foreign policy. Oxon: Routledge.
Diez, T. (2005). Constructing the Self and Changing Others: Reconsidering Normative Power Europe, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 33(3).
Dover, R. (2010). From CFSP to ESDP: the EU’s Foreign, Security, and Defence Policy. Cini, Michelle & Pérez-Solórzano Borragán (Eds.), 3rd edition, Nieves: European Union Politics. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Duchene, F. (1972). Europe in World Peace. R. Mayane (Ed.), Europe Tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans Look Ahead. London: Fortana.
Elgström, O. & Smith, M. (2006). The European Union’s Roles in International Politics: Concepts and Analysis, Routledge: London.
Francia, R. & Abellan, M. A. M. (2006). Striving for a Common Foreign Policy: A Brief History. D. Mahncke, A. Ambos & C. Reynolds (Eds), European Foreign Policy: From Rhetoric to Reality (pp. 117-164). Brüksel: P.I.E. Peter Lang S. A.
Gebhard, C. (2011). Coherence. Hill, Christopher & Michael Smith (Eds.), International Relations and the European Union (pp. 101-127). 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ginsberg, R. (2001). The European Union in International Politics: Baptism by Fire. Lanham. New York and Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Groenleer, M. & Schaik, V. L. (2005). The EU as an ‘Intergovernmental’ Actor in Foreign Affairs : Case Studies of the International Criminal Court and the Kyoto Protocol, Centre for European Policy Studies Working Document, No. 228, August.
Hill, C. (1998). “Closing the capabilities–expectations gap?”. J. Peterson & H. Sjursen (Eds.), A Common Foreign Policy for Europe (pp. 20-37). London: Routledge.
Hurrell, A. (2007). On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Jupille, J. & Caporaso, J. A. (1998). States, Agency and Rules: the European Union in Global Environmental Politics. C. Rhodes (Ed.), The European Union in the World Community. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Keukeleire, S. & Delreux, T. (2014). The Foreign Policy of the European Union. 2nd ed., Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Koehler, K. (2010). European Foreign Policy After Lisbon: Strengthening the EU as an International Actor. Caucausian Review of International Affairs, 4(1), 57-72.
Mahncke, D. (2004). The Need for a Common Foreign Policy. D. Mahncke, A. Ambos & C. Reynolds (Eds), European Foreign Policy: From Rhetoric to Reality (pp. 27-42). Brüksel: P. I. E. Peter Lang S. A.
Manners, I. (2002). Normative power Europe: a contradiction in terms?. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235-258.
Manners, I. & Whitman, R. (2000). The Foreign Policies of European Union Member State, Manchester: Manchester University Press.
McCormick, J. (2013). Avrupa Birliğini Anlamak. Çev. Y. Şahin & Hasan Hüseyin Şahin, Ankara: Bing Bang Yayınları.
Miskimmon, A. (2007). Germany and the common foreign and security policy of the European Union: Between Europeanisation and National Adaptation. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Nuttall, S. J. (2000). European Foreign Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nye, J. (2004). Soft Power: The means to Success in the World Politics, New York: Public Affairs. Özdal, B. (2013). Avrupa Birliği Siyasi Bir Cüce, Askeri Bir Solucan mı?, Bursa: Dora Yayıncılık.
Peterson, J. (1998). Introduction: The European Union as a global actor, J. Peterson & H. Sjursen (Ed.), A Common Foreign Policy for Europe? Competing Visions of the CFSP (pp. 1-19). London: Routledge.
Smith, K. (2000). The End of Civilian Power EU: A Welcome Demise or Cause for Concern? The International Spectator, XXXV(2), April-June.
Smith, K. (2007). Still civilian power EU? Paper pre)sented at the CIDEL Workshop, ‘From Civilian to Military Power: The European Union at a Crossroads?’. Oslo, January 15.
Smith, K. E. (2014). European union foreign policy in a changing world. 3rd ed., London: Polity Press.
Smith, M. E. (2004). Europe’s Foreign and Security Policy: the Institutionalization of Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Soutou, H. G. (2014). Avrupa Birliği Tarihi: 1815’ten Günümüze. Çev. Eylem Alp, İstanbul: Bilgi Kültür Sanat.
Spence, A. & Spence, D. (1998). The Common Foreign and Security Policy from Maastricht to Amsterdam. K. A. Eliassen (Ed.). Foreign and security policy in the European Union (pp. 43-58). London: Sage.
Thomas, D. C. (2010). Still Punching below its Weight? Actorness and Effectiveness in EU Foreign Policy, Paper prepared for presentation at the UACES 40th annual conference, Bruges.
Tonra, B. & Christiansen, T. (2004). Rethinking European Union Foreign Policy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Treacher, A. (2004). From Civilian Power to Military Actor: The EU’s Resistable Transformat ion, European Foreign Affairs Review, 9, 49-66.
White, B. (2001). Understanding European Foreign Policy. Houndmills, NY: Palgrave.
Zielonka, J. (1998). Explaining Euro-Paralysis. Why Europe is Unable to Act in International Politics, Basingstoke: Macmillan.