Sosyal Harcamaların Arz Ve Talep Yönlü Belirleyicileri: OECD Ülkeleri Örneği

Bu çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinde sosyal harcamaların arz ve talep yönlü belirleyicileri 1990-2014 yılları için panel veri analizi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Sosyal harcamaların talep yönlü belirleyicileri, toplumun istek ve ihtiyaçlarında değişikliğe yol açarak politikacıların sosyal harcama düzeylerini değiştirmelerine neden olurken; sosyal harcamaların arz yönlü belirleyicileri ise, politikacıların kendi faydalarını maksimize etmek için sosyal harcamaların düzeyini belirledikleri görüşü çerçevesinde şekillenmektedir. Çalışmada, OECD ülkelerinde, sosyal harcamalar üzerinde, talep yönlü faktörlerin daha etkili olduğu, bu çerçevede özellikle yaşlı nüfus ve işsizlik artışının sosyal harcama artışı ile sonuçlandığı bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın bulguları sosyal harcamaların arz yönlü belirleyicileri açısından değerlendirildiğinde ise, etkisi talep yönlü belirleyicilere göre daha düşük olmakla birlikte, mali illüzyon ve açık illüzyonunun sosyal harcama seviyesini açıklamada anlamlı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Supply and Demand Side Determinants of Social Spending: The Case of OECD Countries

In this study, supply and demand-side determinants of social spending in the OECD countries were investigated by using panel data analysis between the years 1990 and 2014. While demand-side determinants of social spending cause politicians to change the levels of social spending by leading to changes in the demands and needs of the society, supply-side determinants of social spending are shaped based on the view that politicians determine the level of social spending to maximize their benefits. In the study, it was found out that demand-side factors were more important on social spending in the OECD countries, and in this context, especially an increase in the ratio of the old-age population and unemployment lead to increases in social spending. When the results of the study were evaluated in terms of supply-side determinants of social spending, it was concluded that fiscal illusion and decicit illusion were significant in explaining the level of social spending although their effect was lower compared to demand-side determinants.

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