SOSYAL HİZMETTE YAS ÇALIŞMALARI BAĞLAMINDA EKOLOJİK KEDER

Ekolojik bozulma ve sonuçları her geçen gün daha çok hissedilir olmaktadır. Bazı durumlarda disiplin ve/veya mesleğin kapsamı ve bakış açısı (türlerin yok olması, hayvan hakları, bitkilerle ilgilenilmesi, bahçecilik faaliyetleri) dolayısıyla ekolojik bozulmalara dair oluşan bilgi ve farkındalık sonucu kaygı ve keder oluşmaktadır. Bazı durumlarda ise yaşam alanlarının değişimi, kaybı ve bozulması gibi nedenlerle insanların hayatları ekolojik bozulmaların sonuçlarından doğrudan etkilenmektedir. Ekolojik keder, ekolojik bozulmalar sonucu oluşan kayıplara yönelik bir yas tepkisi ile görünür olmakta ve ilgili literatürde, ekolojik sorunlar arttıkça yaygınlaşacağı öngörülmektedir. Sosyal hizmetin de ekolojik sosyal hizmet kapsamında söz konusu konuları gündemine taşımasında ve uygulamasını bu yönde güncellemesinde mevcut yas ve kayıp uygulamalarına ekoloji kaynaklı kayıp/yas/keder konularını eklemesine ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da söz konusu ihtiyaca dayanarak uygulamada ekolojik faydaya yönelik kederin dönüştürücü ve motive edici gücüne dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmakta ve sosyal hizmet için çıkarımlarda bulunulmaktadır.

ECOLOGICAL GRIEF IN THE CONTEXT OF GRIEF STUDIES IN SOCIAL WORK

Ecological deterioration and its consequences are becoming more noticeable every day. In some cases, people's lives can be directly affected by the consequences of ecological deterioration due to the discipline and/or the interest of the profession (extinction of species, animal rights or taking care of plants), and in some cases, the change, loss and deterioration of habitats. Ecological grief becomes visible with a mourning response to the losses caused by ecological degradation, and it is predicted in the relevant literature that it will become widespread as ecological problems increase. There is a need for social work to add ecologically-related loss/mourning/grief issues to existing mourning and loss practices, in bringing these issues to its agenda within the scope of ecological social work and updating its practice in this direction. Based on this need, in this study, it is aimed to draw attention to the transformative and motivating power of grief for ecological benefit and ecocentrism in practice, and inferences are made for social work.

___

  • Afyonoğlu, M. F., Kesen, N. F., Canpunar, M., Yavuz, M. (2021). Bireylerin çocuk kaybı ve yas sürecinin aile sistem teorisi temelinde sosyal hizmet perspektifiyle değerlendirilmesi. Tıbbi Sosyal Hizmet Dergisi, 0 (17), 59-81.
  • Ágoston, C., Csaba, B., Nagy, B., Kőváry, Z., Dúll, A., Rácz, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2022b). Identifying types of eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, eco-grief, and eco-coping in a climate-sensitive population: a qualitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19 (4), 2461.
  • Ágoston, C., Urbán, R., Nagy, B., Csaba, B., Kőváry, Z., Kovács, K., ... & Demetrovics, Z. (2022a). The psychological consequences of the ecological crisis: Three new questionnaires to assess eco-anxiety, eco-guilt, and ecological grief. Climate Risk Management, 37, 100441.
  • Albrecht, G. A. (2019). Earth emotions: New words for a new world. Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, USA.
  • Albrecht, G. A., Sartore, G. M., Connor, L., Higginbotham, N., Freeman, S., Kelly, B., Stain, H., Tonna, A., Pollard, G. (2007). Solastalgia: The distress caused by environmental change. Australasian psychiatry: Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, 15 (1), 95-98.
  • APA (2021). Mental health and our changing climate impacts, inequities, responses. 2021 Edition
  • Apaydın, S. (2020). Kayıp ve Yas içinde Yas Danışmanlığı 1-50 Ed: Ö. E. Baker, İ. A. Efe. Ankara: Anı yay.
  • Barut, B., Kara, Y. (2020). Ekolojik sosyal hizmet perspektifinden hortikültürel terapi. Toplum ve Sosyal Hizmet, 31 (1), 218-240. DOI: 10.33417/tsh.681889
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss, Vol. 3: Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Brown, B. B., Altman, I., & Werner, C. M. (2012). Place attachment. 183-188.
  • Burton-Christie, D. (2011). The gift of tears: Loss, mourning and the work of ecological restoration. Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology, 15 (1), 29-46.
  • Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life: The Power of Mourning & Violence. Verso: London
  • Clayton, S., Manning, C.M., Krygsman, K., Speiser, M. (2017). Mental health and our changing climate: Impacts, implications, and guidance. American Psychological Association and eco America: Washington, DC, USA.
  • Comtesse, H., Ertl, V., Hengst, S. M., Rosner, R., & Smid, G. E. (2021). Ecological grief as a response to environmental change: a mental health risk or functional response? International journal of environmental research and public health, 18 (2), 734.
  • Cunsolo, A. (2018). To grieve or not to grieve? https://niche-canada.org/2018/01/19/to-grieve-or-not-to-grieve/ (Erişim tarihi: 15.08.2022)
  • Cunsolo, A., Ellis, N. R. (2018). Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss. Nature Climate Change, 8 (4), 275-281.
  • Cunsolo, A., Harper, S. L., Minor, K., Hayes, K., Williams, K. G., Howard, C. (2020). Ecological grief and anxiety: The start of a healthy response to climate change? The Lancet. Planetary Health, 4 (7), 261-263.
  • Davenport, L. (2017). Emotional resiliency in the era of climate change: A clinician’s guide. Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London.
  • Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S. (2003). A biopsychosocial model of the development of chronic conduct problems in adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 39 (2), 349–371.
  • Doherty, T. (2019) Climate Change and Grief–A Dual Process Approach. https://selfsustain.com/blog/climate-change-and-grief-a-dual-process-approach/ (Erişim tarihi:17.082022)
  • Doherty, T. J., & Clayton, S. (2011). The psychological impacts of global climate change. American Psychologist, 66 (4), 265.
  • Dominelli, L. (2018). Yeşil sosyal hizmet çevre krizlerinden çevresel adalete. İstanbul: Nika Yayınevi.
  • Edwards, S. A., & Buzzell, L. (2009). The waking-up syndrome. Ecotherapy: Healing with nature in mind, 123-130.
  • Engstrom, S. (2019). Recognising the role eco-grief plays in responding to environmental degradation. Journal of Transdisciplinary Peace Praxis, 1 (1), 168-186.
  • Er, F., Barut, B., Canatan, Ç., Kara, Y. (2020). Sosyal hizmet uygulamalarında ekopsikolojiyi düşünmek. Aurum Journal of Social Sciences, 5 (1), 73-82.
  • Foote, K. E., & Azaryahu, M. (2009). Sense of place. (96-100).
  • Frantzen, M. K. (2021). “A grief more deep than me” -on ecological grief. In Cultural, existential and phenomenological dimensions of grief experience (pp. 214-228). Routledge.
  • Freud, S. (1917). Mourning and melancholia (Standard ed., Vol. XIV). London: Hogarth Press.
  • Grose, A. (2020). A guide to eco-anxiety: How to protect the planet and your mental health. Watkins: London.
  • Hayes, K., Blashki, G., Wiseman, J., Burke, S., Reifels, L. (2018). Climate change and mental health: risks, impacts and priority actions. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 12 (28), 1-12.
  • Humphrey, K. M. (2017). Kayıp ve yas için danışmanlık becerileri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayınevi.
  • Jones, P. (2010). Responding to the ecological crisis: transformative pathways for social work education. Joumal of Social Work Education ,46 (1), 67-84.
  • Kahraman, S. (2021). Yas Süreçleri ve Kişilik. Adıyaman: İKSAD.
  • Kaplan, E. A. (2020). Is climate-related pre-traumatic stress syndrome a real condition? American Imago, 77 (1), 81-104.
  • Kara, Y. (2021). Kesimşellik iklim krizinin neresinde? Uluslararası Kültürel ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 7 (1), 1-16.
  • Kara, Y. (2022). Ekolojik kriz ve anksiyete: Yeni bir kavram olarak eko-anksiyete. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 24 (2), 891-908.
  • Kara, Y. (2023). Brighten up the rainbow: Ecology-based group work for LGBTQ+ people. Journal of Homosexuality. doi:10.1080/00918369.2023.2169852
  • Kubler-Ross, E. (1970). On death and dying. London: Tavistock.
  • Ojala, M., Cunsolo, A., Ogunbode, C. A., & Middleton, J. (2021). Anxiety, worry, and grief in a time of environmental and climate crisis: A narrative review. Annual review of environment and resources, 46, 35-58.
  • Parkes, C. M. (1975). Bereavement: studies of grief in adult life. London: Penguin.
  • Pihkala, P. (2022). The process of eco-anxiety and ecological grief: A narrative review and a new proposal. Sustainability, 14 (24), 16628.
  • Randall, R. (2009). Loss and climate change: The cost of parallel narratives. Ecopsychology, 1 (3), 118-129.
  • Running, S. W. (2007). The 5 stages of climate grief. Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group Publications. 173.
  • Shaw, T. V. (2006). Social workers knowledge and attitude toward the ecological environment. University of California, Berkeley.
  • Stanley, S. K., Hogg, T. L., Leviston, Z., & Walker, I. (2021). From anger to action: Differential impacts of eco-anxiety, eco-depression, and eco-anger on climate action and wellbeing. The Journal of Climate Change and Health, 1, 100003.
  • Stroebe, M. and Schut. H. (1999). The Dual Process Model Of Coping With Bereavement: Rationale And Description, Death Studies, 23 (3), 197-224.
  • Thompson, N. (2002). Loss and grief a guide for human services practitioners. London: Palgrave.
  • Wallace-Wells, D. (2020). Yaşanmaz Bir Dünya Isınma Sonrasında Hayat. (E. Kılıç, Çev.). İstanbul: Domingo Yay.
  • Winerman, L. (2019). Mourning the land, https://www.apa.org/monitor/2019/05/mourning-land
  • Worden, J. W. (1983). Grief counselling and grief therapy. London: Tavistock.
  • Worden, J. W. (2008). Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. Springer Publishing Company.
  • Young, C. (2015). Understanding grief can help us adapt to climate change. https://theconversation.com/amp/understanding-grief-can-help-us-adapt-to-climate-change-37518 (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2023).