İSVEÇ'TE DİN VE DEVLET İLİŞKİLERİNİN SEKÜLERLEŞME BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ

1593 yılındaki Uppsala Meclisi ile Evanjelik Lüteryen öğretiyi resmi din olarak kabul eden İsveç Krallığı, XVIII. yüzyıldan itibaren uyguladığı reformlar ile din ve devlet ilişkileri bağlamında tarafsızlık politikasına doğru ilerlemiştir. 2000 yılında alınan bir kararla devlet ve İsveç Kilisesi arasındaki resmi bağın sona ermesi bu anlamda önemli bir adım olarak kabul edilmekle birlikte dini örgütlere ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler ve bu örgütlerin toplumsal yapılanma içindeki konumu hala tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı İsveç'te din ve devlet arasındaki ilişkileri, tarihsel gelişimini ve mevcut durumunu, sekülerleşme kuramı bağlamında incelemektir. Yasalar, komisyon raporları ve yazındaki diğer çalışmalar üzerinden yapılan inceleme neticesinde İsveç'in üç nedenle kendine özgü bir vaka olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. İlk olarak, İsveç'teki mevcut durum uzun yıllar süren, siyasi ve dini otoriteler arasındaki müzakerelerin neticesidir. İkinci olarak, bu reform süreci dini ve siyasi otoriteler arasındaki güç paylaşımı üzerinden değil demokratik bir devletin unsuru olarak inanç özgürlüğü temelinde yürütülmüştür. Son olarak, İsveç Kilisesi ile devlet arasındaki ayrılığın fiilen ve tam anlamıyla gerçekleşmediği, bu iki otorite arasındaki ilişkinin hala muğlak olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum, geleneksel dini pratiklerin toplumsal yapı içindeki işlevselliğinin geçerliliğini korumasından ileri gelmekte olup İsveç'i sekülerleşme kuramı içinde kendine özgü bir yere koymaktadır.

SECULARIZATION THEORY AND ANALYSIS OF RELIGION AND STATE RELATIONS IN SWEDEN

Tightly bounded with the Evangelic Lutheran Church since the Uppsala Convocation in 1593, the Kingdom of Sweden has constantly moved to a more neutral attitude in terms of religion-state relations since the XVIII. century. Although the separation of state and the Church of Sweden in 2000 is seen as an ultimate step in this sense, the legal status of the religious organizations and their positions in the social structure is still debated. This paper aims to analyse historical evolution and current situation of religion-state relations in Sweden with reference to secularisation theory. Based on the review of legislative reports, legal documents and the literature, the paper argues that Sweden is a sui generis case in the literature for three reasons. First, existing relation between the state and the Church of Sweden is the outcome of a centuries-long democratic process in which political and religious authorities engaged in a series of negotiations and nurtured the existing model within that time. Second, the motivation behind changing religion-state relations in Sweden was not only about power sharing between religious and civil authorities, but rather about ³freedom of religion in a democratic society. Finally, it is still possible to conclude that the separation is not an absolute one and the relation between the state and the Church of Sweden is ambiguous. This brings us to the fact that religion still has a functional power within the social structure to considerable extent, which puts Sweden in a distinctive place with regards to the secularisation theory.

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