Deri Kanseri ve Güneşten Korunmaya Yönelik Öğrencilerle İlgili Yapılan Çalışmalar: Literatür İncelemesi

Giriş: Deri kanseri dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek artan insidansı ile dikkati çekmektedir. Deri kanserlerinin epidemiyolojisinde ultraviyoleışınları önemli rol oynar. Bu nedenle güneşten korunma önemlidir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, deri kanseri konusunda öğrencilerle ilgili yapılanaraştırmaları sistematik bir şekilde incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışmanın evrenini PubMed veScienceDirect, Türk Tıp Dizini, Google Akademik ve YÖK tez tarama veri tabanları kullanılarak 339 makale oluşturmuştur. İncelemede“skin cancer”, “sunburn”, “sun protection” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak, son 10 yılda yayınlanmış, yayın dili Türkçe ya da İngilizce olanve tam metni bulunan makaleler seçilmiştir. Seçim ölçütlerine uyan 47 makale çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Bulgular:Çalışmaların üçünün anaokulu, 23’ünün ilköğretim, dördünün ilköğretim ve lise, dokuzunun lise ve sekizinin üniversite öğrencileri ileyapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmaların 27’sinin tanımlayıcı, 15’inin deneysel, ikisinin yarı deneysel, ikisinin prospektif ve birininretrospektif türde yapıldığı saptanmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda öğrencilerin deri kanseri konusundaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları üzerinde;yaşın, eğitimin, sınıf düzeyinin, cinsiyetin, ailelerin ekonomik durumlarının ve bilgi düzeylerinin, ailesinde deri kanseri öyküsübulunmasının, riskli deri/göz/saç rengi olanların, bu konuda eğitim alınmasının etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Sağlık eğitim programlarıile ailelerin, öğrencilerin bilinçlendirilmesi, erken yaşta eğitimlerin yapılması, okul müfredat programlarına konunun eklenmesi ve okuldafiziki şartların gözden geçirilmesinin yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Deri Kanseri, Güneşten Korunma, Güneş Yanığı, Literatür İncelemesi.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Deri Kanseri, Güneşten Korunma, Güneş Yanığı, Literatür İncelemesi

Studies Conducted With Students About Skin Cancer and Sun Protection: A Literature Review

Introduction: Skin cancer has been a research topic of interest due to its rapidly rising incidence in our country and in the world. Ultraviolet radiation plays an important role in the epidemiology of skin cancer. Therefore, sun protection is essential. Aim: This study was conducted with the aim to examine the studies conducted with students about skin cancer in a systematic way. This descriptive type of research. Methods: The population of this descriptive type study consisted of 339 papers determined by using PubMed and ScienceDirect, the Turkish Medical Index, Google Scholar search tool and the Council of Higher Education thesis database. By using the keywords “skin cancer”, “sunburn”, “sun protection”, the full-text papers published over the last 10 years in Turkish or English was chosen for the review. The sample included a total of 47 papers meeting the inclusion criteria. Results: Among the studies, three were conducted with nursery school students, 23 with primary school students, four with primary school and high school students, nine with high school students, and eight with college students. In addition, 27 studies were descriptive, 15 were experimental, two were quasi-experimental, two were prospective and one was retrospective. The reviewed studies found that age; education, grade level, gender, economic status and level of knowledge of families, presence of a family history of skin cancer, being at risk from skin/eye/hair color, and receiving education about this issue were effective in students’ knowledge, attitude and behavior related to skin cancer. Conclusion: Raising awareness in parents and students through health education programs, offering education about the issue starting from an early age, covering the issue in school curricula, and reviewing physical conditions at school are thought to be useful

Keywords:

Skin Cancer, Sunburn, Sun Protection, Literature Review.,

PDF

___

Aktürk A., Yıldız D. K., Bilen N., Bayramgüller D., Kıran N., Onyedi M. (2006). Kocaeli Üniversitesi tıp fakültesine 1996-2003 yılları arasında başvuran deri kanseri olguları. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal Dermatology, 16: 44-49.
Azorin J. C., Stoebner-Delbarre A. (2007). L’education promotrice de santé des enfants de 3 à 11 ans: ın au delà de l’information la prévention; Sancho-Garnier, H., Ed.; Springer. Paris, France.
Benvenuto-Andrade C., Zen B., Fonseca G., De Villa D., Cestari T. (2005). Sun exposure and sun protection habits among high-school Photochemistry and Photobiology, 81(3): 630-5. in Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Branstrom R., Kristjanson S., Dal H., Rodvall Y. (2006). Sun exposure and sunburn among swedish toddlers. European Journal of Cancer, 42:1441–1447.
Buendía-Eisman A., Arias-Santiago S., Moreno-Gimenez J. C., Cabrera-León A., Prieto L., Castillejo I., et al. (2012). An internet-based programme to promote adequate uv exposure behaviour in adolescents in Spain. Journal of the European 10.1111/j.1468-3083. Dermatology, 14 doi
Buller D. B., Buller M., Reynolds K. D. (2006). A survey of sun protection policy and education in secondary schools. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 54: 427-432.
Castilho I. G., Sousa M. A., Leite R. M. (2010). Photoexposure and risk factors for skin cancer: an evaluation of behaviors and knowledge among university students. Anais Brasileiros Dermatology, 85(2): 173-8.
Cercato M. C., Nagore E., Ramazzotti V., Guillén C., Terrenato I., Villena J., et al. (2008). Self and parent-assessed skin cancer risk factors in school-age children. Preventive Medicine, 47(1): 133-5.
Cokkinides V., Weinstock M., Glanz K., Albano J., Ward E., Thun M. (2006). Trends in sunburns, sun protection practices, and attitudes toward sun exposure protection and tanning among US adolescents, 1998-2004. Pediatrics, 118(3): 853-64.
Davis K. J., Cokkinides V. E., Weinstock M. A., O'Connell M. C., Wingo P. A. (2002). Summer sunburn and sun exposure among us youths ages 11 to 18: National prevalence and associated factors. Pediatrics, 110(1): 27-35.
De Vries H., Willems K., Mesters I., Reubsaet A. (2006). Skin cancer prevention behaviours during summer holidays in 14 and 18-year-old Belgian adolescents. Europen Journal of Cancer Prevention, 15(5): 431-8.
Dobbinson S., Wakefield M., Hill D., Girgis A., Aitken F. J., Beckmann K., et al. (2009). Avustralyalı adölesan ve erişkinlerin hafta sonu güneşten korunma ve güneş yanığı prevalansı ve belirleyicileri: 2003-2004 yazı. J. American Academy Dermatol, Türkçe Baskı, 6(1): 1-13.
Eakin P., Maddock J., Techur-Pedro A., Kaliko R., Derauf D. C. (2004). Sun protection policy in elementary schools in Hawaii. Preventing Chronic Disease, 1(3): A05.
Ergül Ş., Özeren E. (2011). Sun protection behavior and ındividual risk factors of Turkish primary school students associated with skin cancer: a questionnaire-based study. Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention, 12: 765-770.
Fehér K., Cercato M. C., Prantner I., Dombi Z., Burkali B., Paller J., et al. (2010). Skin cancer risk factors among primary school children: investigations in Western Hungary. Preventive Medicine, 51(3-4): 320-4.
Filiz T. M., Çınar N., Topsever P., Uçar F. (2006). Tanning youth: knowledge, behaviors and attitudes toward sun protection of high school students in Sakarya, Turkey. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38: 469–471.
Geller A. C., Venna S., Prout M., Miller D. R., Demierre M. F., Koh H. K., et al. (2002). Should the skin cancer examination be taught in medical school?. Archives in Dermatology, 138(9): 1201-1203.
Geller A. C., Rutsch L., Kenausis K., Selzer P., Zhang Z. (2003). Can an hour or two of sun protection education keep the sunburn away? evaluation of the environmental protection agency's sunwise school program: Environmental Health. A Global Access Science Source, 3;2(1): 13.
Geller A. C., Shamban J., O’Riordan D. L., Slygh C., Kinney J. P., Rosenberg S. (2005). Raising sun protection and early detection awareness among Florida high schoolers. Pediatric Dermatology, 22: 112-118.
Geller A. C, Zwirn J., Rutsch L., Gorham S. A, Viswanath V., Emmons K. M. (2008). Multiple levels of influence in the adoption of sun protection policies in elementary schools in Massachusetts. Archives of Dermatology, 44(4): 491-6.
Gilaberte Y., Alonso J. P., Teruel M. P., Granizo C., Gállego J. (2008). Evaluation of a health promotion intervention for skin cancer prevention in Spain: the SolSano program. Health Promotion International, 23(3): 209-19.
Glanz K., Saraiya M., Wechsler H., Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2002). Guidelines for school programs to prevent skin cancer: morbidity and mortality weekly report. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Recommendations and Reports, 26;51(RR-4): 1-18.
Glanz K, Saraiya M. (2005). Using evidence-based community and behavioral interventions to prevent skin cancer: opportunities and challenges for public health practice. Preventing Chronic Disease, 2 (2): A03.
Glanz K., Yaroch A. L., Dancel M., Saraiya M., Crane L. A., Buller D. B., et al. (2008). Measures of sun exposure and sun protection practices for behavioral and epidemiologic research. Archives of Dermatology, 144(2): 217-222.
Gritz E. R., Tripp M. K., James A. S., Carvajal S. C., Harrist R. B., Mueller N. H., et al. (2005). An intervention for parents to promote preschool children's sun protection: effects of sun protection is fun . Preventive Medicine, 41(2): 357-66.
Guy G. P., Ekwueme D. U. (2011). Years of potential life lost and indirect costs of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer: Pharmacoeconomics, 29: 863-874. review of the literature.
Harrison S. L., Saunders V., Nowak M. (2007). Baseline survey of sun-protection knowledge, practices and policy in early childhood settings in Queensland, Australia. Health Education Resarch, 22(2): 261-71.
Hawkes A. L., Hamilton K., White K. M., McD Young R. (2012). A randomised controlled trial of a theory-based intervention to improve sun protective behaviour in adolescents ('you can still be HOT in the shade'): study protocol. BioMed Central, 3;12:1.
Hobbs R. F. D. (2011). Deri Kanserlerinin Tedavisinde Birinci Basamak Ekibinin Rolü: Edit: Rajpar S., Marsden J.; Deri Kanserleri, Atlas Kitapçılık, Ankara, S:8-13.
Horsley L., Charlton A., Waterman C. (2002). Current action for skin cancer risk reduction in english schools: pupils’ behaviour in relation to sunburn. Health Education Research, 17(6): 715-731.
Hunter S., Love-Jackson K., Abdulla R., Zhu W., Lee J. H., Wells K. J., et al. (2010). Sun protection at elementary schools: a cluster randomized trial. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 102(7): 484-492.
Hymowitz M. B., Hayes B. B., Maury J. J., Geller A. C. (2006). Evaluation of medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and personal practices of sun protection and skin self- examination. Archives of Dermatology, 142(4): 523-527.
Isvy A., Beauchet A., Saiag P., Mahé E. (2012). Medical students and sun prevention: knowledge and behaviours in France. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04621.x.
Jones S. B., Beckmann K., Rayner J. (2008). Australian primary schools' sun protection policy and practice: evaluating the impact of the National SunSmart Schools Program. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 19(2): 86-90.
Karagas M. R., Weinstock M. A., Nelson H. H. (2006). Keratinocyte Carcinomas (Basal And Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin): In: Schottenfeld D., Fraumeni J. F., Edit: Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd Ed., NY: Oxford University Press, New York, 1230-1250.
Kaymak Y., Tekbaş Ö. F., Şimşek I. (2007). Üniversite öğrencilerinin güneşten korunma ile ilgili bilgi tutum ve davranışları. Türkderm, 41: 81-85.
Kelley C. J. (2010). Knowledge and perceived rısk of skin cancer among adolescents: a review: A Master's Project Submitted To The Faculty Of The College Of Nursing, In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirements For The Degree Of Master Of Science, In The Graduate College The University Of Arizona.
Kirsner R. S., Parker D. F., Brathwaite N., Thomas A., Tejada F., Trapido E. J. (2005). Sun protection policies in Miami- Dade County public schools: opportunities for skin cancer prevention. Pediatric Dermatology, 22(6): 513-522.
Livingston P. M., White V., Hayman J., Dobbinson S. (2007). Australian adolescents' sun protection behavior: who are we kidding?. Preventive Medicine, 44(6): 508-520.
Ma F., Collado-Mesa F., Hu S., Kirsner R. (2007). Skin cancer awareness and sun protection behaviors in white hispanic and white non-hispanic high school students in Miami, Florida. Archives of Dermatology, 143, 963-988.
Maguire-Eisen M., Rothman K., Demierre M. F. (2005). The ABCs of sun protection for children. Dermatol Nursing, 17(6): 419-441.
Nyiri P. (2005). Sun protection in Singapore's schools. Singapore Medical Journal, 46(9): 471-476.
Özekinci S. (2007). Patoloji arşivindeki 10 yıllık kanser olgularının genel değerlendirilmesi. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 34 (3): 164-169.
Quéreux G., Nguyen J. M., Volteau C., Dréno B. (2009). Prospective trial on a school-based skin cancer prevention project. Europen Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18(2): 133- 177.
Patel S. S., Nijhawan R. I., Stechschulte S., Parmet Y., Rouhani P., Kirsner R. S., et al. (2010). Skin cancer awareness, attitude, and sun protection behavior among medical students at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Archives Dermatology, 146(7): 797-800.
Paul C., Tzelepis F., Parfitt N., Girgis A. (2008). How to improve adolescents' sun protection behavior? Age and gender issues. American Journal of Health Behavior, 32(4): 387- 398
Reinau D., Meier C., Gerber N., Hofbauer G. F., Surber C. (2012). Sun protective behaviour of primary and secondary school students in north-western Switzerland. Swiss Medical Weekly, 24: 142: W13520.
Reynolds K., Buller D., Yaroch A., Maloy J., Geno C., Cutter G. (2008). Effects of program exposure and engagement with tailored prevention communication on sun protection by young adolescents. Journal of Health Communication, 13: 619-636.
Roetzheim R. G., Love-Jackson K. M., Hunter S. G., Lee J. H., Chen R., Abdulla R., et al. (2011). A cluster randomized trial of sun protection at elementary schools. Results from year 2. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 41(6): 615-623.
Rouhani P., Parmet Y., Bessell A. G., Peay T., Weiss A., Kirsner R. S. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of elementary school students regarding sun exposure and skin cancer. Pediatric Dermatology, 26(5): 529-35.
Sancho-Garnier H., Pereira B., Césarini P. (2012). A cluster randomized trial to evaluate a health education programme “Living with Sun at School”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(7): 2345– 2361.
Saridi M., Pappa V., Kyriazis I., Toska A., Giolis A., Liachapoulou A., et al. (2009). Knowledge and attitudes to sun exposure among adolescents in Korinthos, Greece. Rural and Remote Health, 9(4): 1162.
Spradlin K., Bass M., Hyman W., Keathley R. (2010). Skin cancer: knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of college students. Southern Medical Journal, 103(10): 999-1003.
Stankeviciūte V., Zaborskis A., Petrauskiene A., Valiukeviciene S. (2004). Skin cancer prevention: children's health education on protection from sun exposure and assessment of its efficiency. Medicana, 40(4): 386-393.
Stanton W. R., Janda M., Baade P. D., Anderson P. (2004). Primary prevention of skin cancer: a review of sun protection in australia and internationally. Health Promotion International, 19(3): 369–37.
Stöver L. A., Hinrichs B., Petzold U., Kuhlmei H., Baumgart J., Parpart C., et al. (2012). Getting in early: primary skin cancer prevention at 55 German kindergartens. British Journal of Dermatology, 2:63-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365- 2133.2012.11088.x.
Suppa M., Cazzaniga S., Fargnoli M. C., Naldi L., Peris K. (2012). Knowledge, perceptions and behaviours about skin cancer and sun protection among secondary school students from central Italy. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology, doi: 10.1111/J.1468-3083. Şendur N. (2005). Non-melanoma ve Türkiye Klinikleri epidemiyolojisi International Journal of Medical Sciences, 1(48): 80-84.
Tempark T., Chatproedprai S., Wananukul S. (2012). Attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors of secondary school adolescents regarding protection from sun exposure: a survey in Bangkok, Photomed, 28(4):200-6. Photoimmunol
Toouli J., Russell C., Devitt P., Clark I. C. (2002). Integrated Basic Surgical Science: Edit: Terzi C., Dokuz Eylül Yayınları, Uşak Matbacılık Ltd. Şti, İzmir.
Uslu M., Karaman G., Şendur N. (2006). Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi hekimlerinin deri kanserleri ve güneşin etkileri konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri ile güneşten korunma davranışlarının Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1): 5-10. Adnan Menderes
Uysal A., Özsoy A. S., Ergül Ş. (2004). Öğrencilerin cilt kanseri risklerinin ve güneş ışınlarından korunmaya yönelik uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi. Ege Tıp Dergisi, 43(2): 95-99.
Weinstock M. A., Rossi J. S., Redding C. A., Maddock J. E. (2002). Randomized controlled community trial of the efficacy of a multicomponent stage-matched intervention to increase sun protection among beachgoers. Preventive Medicine, 35(6): 584-592.
Wright C., Reeder A. I., Gray A., Cox B. (2008). Child sun protection: sun related attitudes mediate the association between children’s knowledge and behaviours. Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health, 44: 692-698.
Yurtseven E., Ulus T., Vehid S., Köksal S., Bosat M., Akkoyun K. (2012). Assessment of knowledge, behaviour and sun protection practices among health services vocational school students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(7):2378-85.
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (2009). Systematic reviews. CRD Guidance for undertaking reviews in health care Published by CRD, University of York., Retrieved 11.11.2012, http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/pdf/Systematic_Reviews.pd f. from
Kanser Erken Teşhis, Tarama ve Eğitim Merkezi (2005). Kanser istatistikleri. http://www.ketem.org/istatistik.php. 23.12.2011, from
The Cancer Council Australia (2007): National cancer prevention policy 2007-2009: preventable risk factors - ultraviolet radiation NSW: The Cancer Council Australia. Retrieved 11.10.2012, http://www.cancersa.org.au/cmsresources/position%20state m ents/NCPP0709UVradiation.pdf, from