AĞIT VE ŞİFA: WALLACE SHAWN’UN THE DESIGNATED MOURNER OYUNUNDA RİTUEL

Wallace Shawn’un The Designated Mourner adlı oyunu Jack, karısı Judy ve kayınpederi Howard arasındaki ilişkiyi merkeze alır. Bir anı oyunu yapısı içerisinde, Jack sadece kişisel hayatında Judy ve Howard ile problemlerini değil aynı zamanda kamusal hayatta totaliter ideolojiden kaynaklanan politik huzursuzluğu da hatırlamaktadır. İsimlendirilmeyen bir toplumda geçen bu oyun, şiddet ve otoriterizmi devlet politikalarını eleştirenlerin cezalandırıldığı, sessizleştirildiği ve engellendiği hapsedilme ve infaz uygulamaları ile beraber sergiler. Üst-sınıf elit bireyleri temsil eden Judy, Howard ve monologlarda bahsedilen arkadaşları bu faşist totaliter devlet tarafından kurban edilmiştir. Judy, Howard ve diğer elitler infaz edildiği için, Jack ölenlerin arkasından yas tutan tek hayatta kalan kişidir. The Designated Mourner oyununda ritüel en güçlü ve etkileyici yapılardan biridir çünkü oyun çok özel küçük bir dünya yok olduğu için acı çeken Jack’in kendini “the designated mourner” (belirlenmiş ağıtçı) olarak tanıtmasıyla başlar ve biter. Bu çalışma, Jack’in bu isimsiz faşist toplumdaki sarsıcı deneyimlerine odaklanarak, ritüellerin bireylerin krizleri atlatmalarını sağlayan modeller olarak kullanımlarını inceler.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

wallace shawn, , The Designated Mourner, , Ritüel, , Ağıt, şifa

MOURNING AND HEALING: THE RITUAL IN WALLACE SHAWN’S THE DESIGNATED MOURNER

Wallace Shawn’s play The Designated Mourner (1996) centers on the relationship among the three characters: Jack, his wife Judy, and his father-in-law Howard. In a memory play structure, Jack remembers not only the tensions in his private life with Judy and Howard but also the social and political unrest that emanates from the totalitarian ideology in public life. Set in an unnamed society, the play displays violence and authoritarianism along with practices of incarceration and execution in which the individuals who may criticize the state policies are punished, silenced, and eliminated. Judy, Howard, and the friends they mention in their monologues, who stand as representatives of high-brow elite intellectuals, are victimized under this fascist, totalitarian state. Since Judy, Howard, and other elites are executed, Jack becomes the only survivor who laments for the deceased. The ritual is one of the most potent and impressive forms in The Designated Mourner since the play ends the same way it begins in which Jack introduces himself as “the designated mourner” who grieves for the disappearance of a very special little world. This paper elaborates on how rituals emerge as patterns enabling individuals to overcome crises, focusing on Jack’s disorienting experiences in this unnamed fascist society.

Keywords:

The Designated Mourner, Ritual, Mourning, Wallace Shawn, Healing,

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