LİMANLARDA TASARIM, PLANLAMA VE MODELLEME SÜREÇLERİNDE KULLANILAN YÖNTEM VE TEKNİKLER ÜZERİNE BİR LİTERATÜR ARAŞTIRMASI

Taşımacılık tüm dünya genelinde ülkelerin ekonomik gelişimlerini etkileyen en önemli parametrelerden biridir. Denizyolu taşımacılığı tüm taşımacılık sistemleri arasında büyük taşıma hacmi ve düşük maliyet oranları ile en ekonomik olan taşıma sistemi olmakla beraber dünya genelinde en çok tercih edilen taşıma sistemidir. Deniz taşımacılığı yaklaşık yüzyıl önce buharlı gemilerin inşası ile başlayıp günümüzde süper tankerler gibi devasa gemilerin yapılması ile çok hızlı bir gelişim göstermiştir. Limanlarda bu hızlı gelişmelere adapte olarak büyük değişim göstermişlerdir. Bu çalışmada liman tasarımı, planlaması ve modellenmesinde kullanılan model, yöntem, teknikler ve teknolojiler ile yeni yaklaşımların ulusal ve uluslararası literatürdeki tarihçesi ile ilgili bir literatür incelemesi yapılarak günümüz teknolojisinin limanlarda kullanımı araştırılmıştır. Literatür araştırması sonucunda araştırmacıların çeşitli matematiksel modelleri ve simülasyon yöntemlerini kullanıldıkları görülmüştür.

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Transportation is one of the most important parameters affecting the economic development of countries all over the world. Maritime transportation is the most preferred and most economical transportation system among the all of the transportation modes due to its large scale transportation capacity and lower unit cost of carriage. Maritime transportation which was introduced with steamships nearly a century ago has showed a very rapid development with the construction of the huge ships as super tankers. Ports which adapted to those changes showed major developments. In this study, a literature survey on the new approaches, models, techniques, methods and technologies used for port design, planning and modeling was carried out. The results of the literature survey showed that researchers used various mathematical models and simulation methods

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