Gültekin ALTUNTAŞ, Aytuğ SÖZÜER, Fatih SEMERCİÖZ

ULUSLARARASI GİRİŞİMCİLİK İLE İHRACAT PAZAR PERFORMANSI ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİ: TÜRKİYE’DEKİ İHRACATÇI İŞLETMELER ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’deki ihracatçı işletmelerin uluslararası girişimciliği ile ihracat pazar performansları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Bu amaçla, araştırma “işletmelerin girişimcilik özellikleri ile ihracat pazarlarındaki başarıları ilişkili midir?” ve “uluslararasılaşma düzeyi ihracat pazar performansını farklılaştıran bir unsur mudur?” sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Uluslararası girişimcilik kavramının kaynak temelli yaklaşım çerçevesinde ele alındığı araştırmanın, gözlemlenen işletmelerin Türkiye’deki herhangi bir coğrafi bölge veya sektöre bağımlı olmaması dolayısıyla, tasarım açısından özgün değer taşıdığı düşünülmektedir. Araştırma bulgularına göre yurtdışı pazarlara dönük girişimciliğe dair yönelim ve davranışların, ihracat performansına olumlu etkisi olduğu ve uluslararasılaşma düzeyi yüksek işletmeler ile diğerleri arasında ihracat pazar performansı açısından anlamlı farklılık bulunduğu ortaya çıkmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uluslararası Girişimcilik, İhracat Performansı, Girişimcilik Yönelimi

THE LINK BETWEEN INTERNATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND EXPORT MARKET PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM EXPORTERS IN TURKEY

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between international entrepreneurship of exporters in Turkey and their export market performance. In respect, the research inquires two general questions; “Is there a link between firms’ entrepreneurial behaviors and their success in export markets?” and “Does the level of internationalization make any difference in export market performance?”. The study, which considers international entrepreneurship within the resource - based perspective, is assumed original in terms of research design, since the observations are independent of any industry or geographical region in Turkey. The findings reveal that firms’ entrepreneurial orientation and behaviors in international markets have positive effects on their export performance and there is a significant difference in export market success between internationalized firms and others

Keywords:

International Entrepreneurship, Export Performance, Entrepreneurial Orientation,

PDF

___

AABY, N.E., SLATER, S.F. (1989). Management influences on export performance: a review of the empirical literature 1978 - 88. International Marketing Review, 6 (4), 7- 26.ss.
ALTUNTAŞ, G. (2010). Girişimcilik ve stratejik yönetim ilişkisi: Bir stratejik girişimcilik modeli ve İMKB Ulusal - 100 Endeksi’nde işlem gören işletmeler üzerinde testi. Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, İşletme Yönetimi ve Organizasyon Bilim Dalı.
ALTUNTAŞ, G., DÖNMEZ, D. (2010). Girişimcilik yönelimi ve örgütsel performans ilişkisi: Çanakkale Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 39 (1), 50 - 74. ss.
BARNEY, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17 (1), 99 - 120. ss.
BOSO, N., STROY, V.M., CADOGAN, J.W. (2013). Entrepreneurial orientation, market orientation, network ties, and performance: Study of entrepreneurial firms in a developing economy. Journal of Business Venturing, 28, 708 - 727. ss.
BRUSH, C.G. (2013). International entrepreneurship: The effect of firm age on motives for internationalization. New York: Routledge.
CADOGAN, J.W., DIAMANTOPOULOS, A., SIGUAW, J.A. (2002). Export market - oriented activities: their antecedents and performance consequences. Journal of International Business Studies, 33 (3), 615 - 626. ss.
CHETTY, S.K., HAMILTON, R.T. (1993). Firm - level determinants of export performance: a meta - analysis. International Marketing Review, 10 (3), 26 - 34. ss.
COVIN, J.G., SLEVIN D.P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10 (1), 75 - 87. ss.
COVIN, J.G., SLEVIN D.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Fall, 7 - 25. ss.
DEAN, D.L., MENGÜÇ, B., MYERS, C.P. (2000). Revisiting firm characteristics, strategy, and export performance relationship: A survey of the literature and an investigation of New Zealand small manufacturing firms. Industrial Marketing Management, 29, 461 - 477. ss.
DIAMANTOPOULOS, A., KAKKOS, N. (2007). Managerial assessments of export performance: Conceptual framework and empirical illustration. Journal of International Marketing, 15 (3), 1 - 31. ss.
DIMITRATOS, P., VOUDOURIS, I., PLAKOYIANNAKI, E., NAKOS, G. (2012). International entrepreneurship culture–toward a comprehensive opportunity–based operationalization of international entrepreneurship. International Business Review, 21, 708 - 721. ss.
DUNNING, J.H. (1993). Multinational enterprises and the global economy. Reading, Mass: Addison Wesley Publishing Company.
DÖNMEZ, D., ALTUNTAŞ, G., BİRGÖREN, T. (2011). Girişimci yönetim biçimi ve finansal performans ilişkisi: Çanakkale Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren otel işletmelerinde bir araştırma. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 40 (2), 278 - 303. ss.
FREEMAN, S., EDWARDS, R., SCHRODER, B. (2006). How smaller born - global firms use networks and alliances to overcome constraints to rapid internationalization. Journal of International Marketing, 14 (3), 33–63. ss.
GEORGE, D., MALLERY, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. 11.0 Update. 4th Edition. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
HISRICH, R. D. (2013). International entrepreneurship: Starting, developing and managing a global venture. London, UK: Sage Publications.
HONG, W., ZHU, K. (2006). Migrating to internet - based e - commerce: Factors effecting e - commerce adoption and migration at the firm level. Information & Management, 43, 204 - 221. ss.
IBEH, K.I.N. (2003). On the internal drivers of export performance among Nigerian firms: Empirical findings and implications. Management Decision, 41 (3), 217 - 225. ss.
JONES, M.V., COVIELLO, N., TANG, Y.K. (2011). International entrepreneurship research (1989 - 2009): A domain ontology and thematic analysis. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 632 - 659. ss.
KARAGOZOGLU, N., LINDELL, M. (1998). Internationalization of small and medium - sized technology - based firms: An exploratory study. Journal of Small Business Management, 36 (1), 44 - 59. ss.
KATSIKEAS, C.S., LEONIDOU, L.C., MORGAN, N.A. (2000). Firm - level export performance assessment: Review, evaluation and development. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28 (4), 493–511. ss.
KISS, A.N., DANIS, W.M., CAVUSGIL, S.T. (2012). International entrepreneurship research in emerging economies: A critical review and research agenda. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 266 - 290. ss.
KNIGHT, G.A. (2001). Entrepreneurship and strategy in the international SME. Journal of International Management, 7, 155 - 171. ss.
KNIGHT, G.A., CAVUSGIL, S. T. (2004). Innovation, organizational capabilities, and the born - global firm. Journal of International Business Studies, 35, 124 - 141. ss.
KRAUS, S. (2011). State - of - the - art current research in international entrepreneurship: A citation analysis. African Journal of Business Management, 5 (3), 1020 - 1038. ss.
KROPP, F., LINDSAY, N.J., SHOHAM, A. (2006). Entrepreneurial, market, and learning orientations and international entrepreneurial business venture performance in South African firms. International Marketing Review, 23 (5), 504 - 523. ss.
KUIVALAINEN, O., SUNDQVIST, S., SERVAIS, P. (2007). Firms’ degree of born - globalness, international entrepreneurial orientation and export performance. Journal of World Business, 42, 253 - 267. ss.
LAGES, L.F., LAGES, C.R. (2004). The STEP scale: A measure of short - term export performance improvement. Journal of International Marketing, 12 (1), 36 - 56. ss.
LEONIDOU, C.L., KATSIKEAS, C.S., SAMIEE, S. (2002). Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: A meta - analysis. Journal of Business Research, 55, 51 - 67. ss.
LEVITT, B., MARCH, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14, 319 - 340. ss.
LISBOA, A., SKARMEAS, D., LAGES, C. (2011). Entrepreneurial orientation, exploitative and explorative capabilities, and performance outcomes in export markets: A resource - based approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 1274 - 1284. ss.
LUMPKIN, G.T., DESS, G.G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21 (1), 135 - 172. ss.
MARCH, J.G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2 (1), 71 - 87. ss.
MADSEN, T.K. (1989). Successful export marketing management: Some empirical evidence. International Marketing Review, 6 (4), 41 - 57. ss.
MCDOUGALL, P.P., OVIATT, B.M. (2000). International entrepreneurship: The intersection of two research paths. Academy of Management Journal, 43 (5), 802 - 906. ss.
MILLER, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29 (7), 770 - 791. ss.
NAZAR, M.S., SALEEM, H.M.N. (2009). Firm - level determinants of export determinants. International Business & Economics Research Journal, 8 (2), 105 - 112. ss.
OKPARA, J.O. (2009). Strategic choices, export orientation and export performance of SMEs in Nigeria. Management Decision, 47 (8), 1281 - 1299. ss.
OVIATT, B.M., MCDOUGALL, P.P. (1994). Toward a theory of international new ventures. Journal of International Business Studies, 25 (1), 45 - 64. ss.
OVIATT, B.M., MCDOUGALL, P.P. (2005). Defining international entrepreneurship and modeling speed of internationalization. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, September, 537 - 553. ss.
PAPADOPOULOS, N., MARTIN, O.M. (2010). Toward a model of the relationship between internationalization and export performance. International Business Review, 19, 388 - 406. ss.
PETERAF, M.A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource - based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14 (3), 179–191. ss.
RUZZIER, M., HISRICH, R.D., ANTONCIC, B. (2006). SME internationalization research: Past, present, and future. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 13 (4), 476 - 497. ss.
STEVENSON, H.H., JARILLO, J.C. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 17 - 27. ss.
SUAREZ - ORTEGA, S.M., ALAMO - VERA, F.R. (2005). SMES' internationalization: Firms and managerial factors. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 11 (4), 258 - 279. ss.
SUNDQVIST, S., KYLAHEIKO, K., KUIVALAINEN, O., CADOGAN, J. W. (2012). Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurial - oriented behavior in turbulent export markets. International Marketing Review, 29 (2), 203 - 219. ss.
ŞENCAN, H. (2005). Sosyal ve davranışsal ölçümlerde güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık Sanayi ve Ticaret A. Ş.
TEECE, D.J., PISANO, G., SHUEN, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18 (7), 509 - 533. ss.
T.C. Ekonomi Bakanlığı (2014). Dış Ticaret Verileri. [Erişim adresi]: , [Erişim tarihi: 06.04.2014].
UNCTAD (2013). World investment report 2013: Annex tables. [Erişim adresi]: Tables.aspx>, [Erişim tarihi: 06.01.2014].
ÜLGEN, H., MİRZE, S. K. (2010). İşletmelerde stratejik yönetim, 5. bs. İstanbul: Beta Basım, Yayın, Dağıtım.
WTO (2013), World Trade Statistics Database. [Erişim adresi]: , [Erişim tarihi: 06.01.2014].
ZAHRA, S.A., GEORGE, G. (2002). International entrepreneurship: The current status of the field and future research agenda. M.A. HITT, R.D. IRELAND, S.M. CAMP, D.L. SEXTON (eds.), Strategic entrepreneurship içinde, Oxford: Blackwell.
ZOU, S., STAN, S. (1998). The determinants of export performance: A review of the empirical literature between 1987 and 1997. International Marketing Review, 15 (5), 333 - 356. ss.
ZOU, S., TAYLOR, C.R., OSLAND, G. E. (1998). The EXPERF scale: A cross - national generalized export performance measure. Journal of International Marketing, 6 (3), 37 - 58. ss.